Long-term behavior of a granular material under repeated loading plays a vital role to understand the behavior of rutting in pavements. Many researchers observed the behavior of permanent strain accumulation in the granular material under cyclic loading condition. The permanent deformation of granular material caused by numerous factors varies with the degree of each factor influence on granular material. This paper summarizes and discusses the impact of individual factors on permanent deformation of granular material through reference to published scientific data. As well, this paper outlines the different constitutive models to find the permanent strain and discusses the permanent strain modelling using shakedown theory. © 2018, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.