Modern farmers face several challenges in meeting the food needs of the increasing population growth. In order to meet the growing demand without compromising on the quality and quantity within available constraint spaces of farming, they must transform from conventional methods to precision agriculture, reducing direct human intervention. The advancements in agricultural operations from traditional to technological methods improve efficiency and offer a safer work environment. This paper focuses on the preliminary conceptual design and working of a low-cost all-terrain agricultural robot suitable for small/medium-scale farmers. The robot is designed to perform two individual operations—transplanting and weed removal. A brief description of the various components used to perform the two operations is highlighted in this paper. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.