Diamond burnishing is a cold working process, which produces a work hardened and uniform surface by plastic deformation. The aim of the present work is to study the behavior of diamond burnishing on surface integrity of 17-4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel (PH-SS) under cryogenic, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and dry environments. Surface modification was achieved by the application of liquid nitrogen during diamond burnishing. The process parameters considered were speed, feed, burnishing depth and number of passes. Surface integrity characteristics such as microhardness and residual stresses were investigated after diamond burnishing under cryogenic, MQL and dry environments. In cryogenic diamond burnishing, the surface integrity characteristics of 17-4 PH stainless steel has been significantly improved when compared to MQL and dry environments. Maximum microhardness of 395 HV, 369 HV, and 357 HV respectively was observed under cryogenic, MQL and dry environment. The maximum residual stress of -352 MPa, -282 MPa and -195 MPa respectively were recorded for cryogenic, MQL and dry environment. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.