The use of nanotechnology is of prominent research interest in the construction industry. Introducing nanomaterials into cementitious systems enhances its characteristic material properties. Nano-silica is the most efficient nanomaterial in replacing cement without compromising its strength and durability. Nano-silica also enhances the properties of cement when in conjugation with other supplementary cementitious materials. Nano-silica offers high chemical reactivity and introduces filler effect in the cement matrix, thereby densifying the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and improving the properties of cement-based materials. However, the addition of nano-silica more than the optimum dosage reduces the strength and durability. Apart from the dosage, many other parameters also influence the properties of nano-slica blended cement composites. This study deals with the changes in characteristic properties of cement and cement-based materials upon incorporation of nano-silica. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.