We study the quantum dynamics of a one-dimensional spin- 1 2 anisotropic XY model in a transverse field when the transverse field or the anisotropic interaction is quenched at a slow but uniform rate. The two quenching schemes are called transverse and anisotropic quenching, respectively. Our emphasis in this paper is on the anisotropic quenching scheme, and we compare the results with those of the other scheme. In the process of anisotropic quenching, the system crosses all the quantum critical lines of the phase diagram where the relaxation time diverges. The evolution is nonadiabatic in the time interval when the parameters are close to their critical values, and is adiabatic otherwise. The density of defects produced due to nonadiabatic transitions is calculated by mapping the many-particle system to an equivalent Landau-Zener problem and is generally found to vary as 1 τ, where τ is the characteristic time scale of quenching, a scenario that supports the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Interestingly, in the case of anisotropic quenching, there exists an additional nonadiabatic transition, in comparison to the transverse quenching case, with the corresponding probability peaking at an incommensurate value of the wave vector. In the special case in which the system passes through a multicritical point, the defect density is found to vary as 1 τ1 6. The von Neumann entropy of the final state is shown to maximize at a quenching rate around which the ordering of the final state changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Uma Divakaran

Department of Physics

V. Mukherjee

A. Dutta

D. Sen

Fulltext

Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

We demonstrate the existence of universal features in the finite-time thermodynamics of quantum machines by considering a many-body quantum Otto cycle in which the working medium is driven across quantum critical points during the unitary strokes. Specifically, we consider a quantum engine powered by dissipative energizing and relaxing baths. We show that under very generic conditions, the output work is governed by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism; i.e., it exhibits a universal power-law scaling with the driving speed through the critical points. We also optimize the finite-time thermodynamics as a function of the driving speed. The maximum power and the corresponding efficiency take a universal form, and are reached for an optimal speed that is governed by the critical exponents. We exemplify our results by considering a transverse-field Ising spin chain as the working medium. For this model, we also show how the efficiency and power vary as the engine becomes critical. © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Physical Review Research

Universal finite-time thermodynamics of many-body quantum machines from Kibble-Zurek scaling

We present here the nonequilibrium dynamics of the recently studied quasiperiodic Ising model. The zero temperature phase diagram of this model mainly consists of three phases, where each of these three phases can have extended, localized, or critically delocalized low-energy excited states. We explore the nature of excitations in these different phases by studying the evolution of entanglement entropy after performing sudden quenches of different strengths to different phases. Our results on nonequilibrium dynamics of entanglement entropy are concurrent with the nature of excitations predicted in Chandran and Laumann [Phys. Rev. X 7, 031061 (2017)2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.7.031061]. © 2018 American Physical Society.

Physical Review E

Sudden quenches in a quasiperiodic Ising model

We study the slow quenching dynamics (characterized by an inverse rate τ-1) of a one-dimensional transverse Ising chain with nearest neighbor ferromagentic interactions across the quantum critical point (QCP) and analyze the Loschmidt overlap measured using the subsequent temporal evolution of the final wave function (reached at the end of the quenching) with the final time-independent Hamiltonian. Studying the Fisher zeros of the corresponding generalized "partition function," we probe nonanalyticities manifested in the rate function of the return probability known as dynamical phase transitions (DPTs). In contrast to the sudden quenching case, we show that DPTs survive in the subsequent temporal evolution following the quenching across two critical points of the model for a sufficiently slow rate; furthermore, an interesting "lobe" structure of Fisher zeros emerge. We have also made a connection to topological aspects studying the dynamical topological order parameter [νD(t)] as a function of time (t) measured from the instant when the quenching is complete. Remarkably, the time evolution of νD(t) exhibits drastically different behavior following quenches across a single QCP and two QCPs. In the former case, νD(t) increases stepwise by unity at every DPT (i.e., ΔνD=1). In the latter case, on the other hand, νD(t) essentially oscillates between 0 and 1 (i.e., successive DPTs occur with ΔνD=1 and ΔνD=-1, respectively), except for instants where it shows a sudden jump by a factor of unity when two successive DPTs carry a topological charge of the same sign. © 2016 American Physical Society.

Physical Review B

Slow quenches in a quantum Ising chain: Dynamical phase transitions and topology

We study an integrable spin chain with three spin interactions and the staggered field (λ) while the latter is quenched either slowly [in a linear fashion in time (t) as t/τ, where t goes from a large negative value to a large positive value and τ is the inverse rate of quenching] or suddenly. In the process, the system crosses quantum critical points and gapless phases. We address the question whether there exist nonanalyticities [known as dynamical phase transitions (DPTs)] in the subsequent real-time evolution of the state (reached following the quench) governed by the final time-independent Hamiltonian. In the case of sufficiently slow quenching (when τ exceeds a critical value τ1), we show that DPTs, of the form similar to those occurring for quenching across an isolated critical point, can occur even when the system is slowly driven across more than one critical point and gapless phases. More interestingly, in the anisotropic situation we show that DPTs can completely disappear for some values of the anisotropy term (γ) and τ, thereby establishing the existence of boundaries in the (γ-τ) plane between the DPT and no-DPT regions in both isotropic and anisotropic cases. Our study therefore leads to a unique situation when DPTs may not occur even when an integrable model is slowly ramped across a QCP. On the other hand, considering sudden quenches from an initial value λi to a final value λf, we show that the condition for the presence of DPTs is governed by relations involving λi,λf, and γ, and the spin chain must be swept across λ=0 for DPTs to occur. © 2016 American Physical Society.

Tuning the presence of dynamical phase transitions in a generalized XY spin chain

We present an exact result for the nonadiabatic transition probability and hence the defect density in the final state of a one-dimensional Kitaev model following a slow quench of the parameter J-, which estimates the anisotropy between the interactions, as J- (t) ∼- | t/τ |. Here, time t goes from - to + and τ defines the rate of change in the Hamiltonian. In other words, the spin chain initially prepared in its ground state is driven by changing J- linearly in time up to the quantum critical point, which in the model considered here occurs at t=0, reversed and then gradually decreased to its initial value at the same rate. We have thoroughly compared the reverse quenching with its counterpart forward quenching, i.e., J- ∼t/τ. Our exact calculation shows that the probability of excitations is zero for the wave vector at which the instantaneous energy gap is zero at the critical point J- =0 as opposed to the maximum value of unity in the forward quenching. It is also shown that the defect density in the final state following a reverse quenching, we propose here, is nearly half of the defects generated in the forward quenching. We argue that the defects produced when the system reaches the quantum critical point get redistributed in the wave-vector space at the final time in case of reverse quenching whereas it keeps on increasing until the final time in the forward quenching. We study the entropy density and also the time evolution of the diagonal entropy density in the case of the reverse quenching and compare it with the forward case. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

Journal	Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
Publisher	AMER PHYSICAL SOC
ISSN	10980121
Open Access	No