Biological Sciences and Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

In this report, interlinked chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite at 10% ZnO (CZNC-10) is successfully used as green biocide for biofilm control and reduction of biocorrosion on carbon steel material. It was found that 250 $\mu$g/mL CZNC-10 can be used efficiently for the inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm on carbon steel. The Rct values after 21 and 28 days of incubation in presence of CZNC-10 are almost 3.2 and 2.8 times higher than the control respectively, indicating a strong corrosion inhibition with 74% as maximum inhibition efficiency.

World University root node

Corrosion Science

Controlling the biocorrosion of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on carbon steel using ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite as an eco-friendly biocide

This article has been withdrawn by the authors. The authors identified some issues and brought them to the attention of the Journal. After careful analysis of all of the original data used for preparing the figures in the publication, the following errors were identified. The actin immunoblot from Fig. 6B was reused in Figs. 9C, 10C, and 11H. The actin immunoblot in Fig. 8B was reused in Fig. 11 (A and E). The actin immunoblot in Fig. 11B was reused in Fig. 11G. The authors submitted to the Journal all of the correct actin immunoblots for all of the figures listed above. Given these issues, the authors state that the responsible course of action would be to withdraw the article to maintain the high standards and rigor of scientific literature from the authors' group as well as the Journal. The authors apologize to the scientific community for what they state are inadvertent mistakes and will seek to republish the article with suitable modifications in due course. © 2019 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.

Fulltext

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Erratum: Cooperative regulation of NOTCH1 protein-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 receptors renders enhanced refractoriness to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)- or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated impairment of human dendritic cell maturation (Journal of Biological Chemistry (2011) 286 (31347-31360) DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.232413)

European Journal of Immunology

Intravenous immunoglobulin protects from experimental allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis via a sialylation-dependent mechanism

Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, known for producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, continue gaining notoriety for roles beyond bioenergetics. Recently in Nature, Weinberg et al. (2019) reported that mitochondrial complex III is indispensable for suppressive function of regulatory T cells, thus highlighting the importance of mitochondria in immune tolerance. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, known for producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, continue gaining notoriety for roles beyond bioenergetics. Recently in Nature, Weinberg et al. reported that mitochondrial complex III is indispensable for suppressive function of regulatory T cells, thus highlighting the importance of mitochondria in immune tolerance. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Cell Metabolism

Regulatory T Cells under the Mercy of Mitochondria

Autoimmunity Reviews

Does intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients interfere with serological Zika detection?

Interaction between innate immune cells and parasite plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. Despite being professional antigen presenting cells critical for the pathogen recognition, processing and presenting the antigens for mounting T cell responses, the dendritic cell response and its role in initiating CD4+ T cell response to filaria, in particular Wuchereria bancrofti, the most prevalent microfilaria is still not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that a 70 kDa phosphorylcholine-binding W. bancrofti sheath antigen induces human dendritic cell maturation and secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, microfilarial sheath antigen-stimulated dendritic cells drive predominantly Th1 and regulatory T cell responses while Th17 and Th2 responses are marginal. Mechanistically, sheath antigen-induced dendritic cell maturation, and Th1 and regulatory T cell responses are mediated via toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Our data suggest that W. bancrofti sheath antigen exploits dendritic cells to mediate distinct CD4+ T cell responses and immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. © 2019, The Author(s).

Communications Biology

Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4

2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes): Structure, Properties and Applications

MXenes for environmental and water treatment applications

Rapid and real-time detection of l-cysteine (l-Cys) is important for early diagnostics of several diseases and biological disorders. We report here a stable and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of l-Cys based on a Pd@Ti3C2Tx (MXene)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The Pd@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite was prepared by in situ reduction of Pd(ii) salt on the surface of delaminated (DL) Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to form pseudo-spherical palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) with 2-6 nm size distributions. The MXene acts as the conductive matrix and a reducing agent at the electrode surface, while PdNPs are there to improve the stability of Ti3C2Tx and to enhance the electrocatalytic activity towards l-Cys detection. The Pd@Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.14 $\mu$M and a linear electro-oxidative response to l-Cys within the concentration range from 0.5 to 10 $\mu$M. The sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity over common interfering ions such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine and glucose.

Analytical Methods

Sensitive electrochemical detection of l-cysteine based on a highly stable Pd@Ti3C2T:X(MXene) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode

The control of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is of great significance in many industrial applications. Attention has been devoted to emerging nanomaterials as ‘green' biocides for their remarkable antimicrobial function and relatively low environmental risk. Understanding the antimicrobial inhibition mechanisms is the key to increase the efficiency of nanoparticles and enhance the feasibility of their application against various MIC microorganisms under different environmental conditions. This study gives an overview of the recent advancements of different nanomaterials and nanocomposites used as biocides for the inhibition of MIC. The potential and associated challenges in developing NPs as effective biocides are highlighted.

Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

Recent advancements of nanomaterials as coatings and biocides for the inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria induced corrosion

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has diverse anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and has been employed successfully in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The role of IVIg therapy in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and fungal elimination has not been yet investigated. We studied IVIg therapy in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice received a single oral inoculum of Candida albicans and were exposed to DSS treatment for 2 weeks to induce colitis. All mice received daily IVIg therapy starting on day 1 for 7 days. IVIg therapy not only prevented a loss of body weight caused by the development of colitis but also reduced the severity of intestinal inflammation, as determined by clinical and histological scores. IVIg treatment significantly reduced the Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and C. albicans populations in mice. The beneficial effects of IVIg were associated with the suppression of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and enhancement of IL-10 in the gut. IVIg therapy also led to an increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), while toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) expression was reduced. IVIg treatment reduces intestinal inflammation in mice and eliminates C. albicans overgrowth from the gut in association with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators combined with up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy eliminates candida albicans and maintains intestinal homeostasis in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis