Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

Cryogenic treatment has developed as a technique to improve the life of the cutting tool, especially tungsten carbide inserts. The present study investigates the effect of cryogenic treatment of cemented carbide (WC-Co) inserts at the different soaking period of 18 h (CT-18), 24 h (CT-24) and 32 h (CT-32) at a sub-zero temperature of −196 °C. The soaking period plays a crucial role in improving the wear resistance of the cryogenically treated tools. It is vital to determine the critical soaking period for the cryogenic treatment of cemented carbides. The mechanical and metallurgical characterization of cryogenically treated cemented carbide insert is carried out to understand the changes in the microstructure, grain size, chemical composition, microhardness and electrical conductivity after cryogenic treatment. The end milling experiments on maraging steel under dry environment are carried out using cryogenically treated inserts at different holding time and untreated inserts (UT). The machining performance of treated and untreated inserts are compared with respect to tool wear, surface roughness and cutting forces. The results revealed that cryogenic treatment is effective in resisting tool wear even at high spindle speeds. The cryogenically treated inserts exhibited higher tool life, better surface finish and lower cutting forces during machining at different spindle speeds. The optimum soaking time for cryogenic treatment of WC-Co inserts is found to be 24 h (CT-24) beyond which there is no improvement in microhardness and wear resistance. © 2018

World University root node

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on performance of cemented carbide (WC-Co) inserts during dry end milling of maraging steel

The cryogenic machining and cryogenic treatment have already emerged as the sustainable manufacturing process of the future generation. The cryogenic treatment improves the cutting tool life, but the high cutting temperature developed during high-speed machining reduces the effect of cryogenic treatment of cutting tool. This study investigates the possible improvements in cutting tool life by combining cryogenic cooling and cryogenic treatment. The authors believe that these two techniques can replace conventional machining approaches using dry and wet machining conditions using coated carbide tools. The tungsten carbide-cobalt inserts are cryogenically treated (CT) at a soaking temperature of − 195.8 °C for a period of 24 h and are used to evaluate milling performance under dry, wet, and cryogenic cutting environments. The machining experiments are conducted on maraging steel MDN 250 using one factor at a time approach by varying spindle speed and keeping feed rate and depth of cut as constant. The cutting force, surface roughness, tool wear, and subsurface microhardness are some of the machining responses evaluated and compared with an untreated cutting tool (UT). The tool life improved up to 24% during cryogenic machining using CT tools at a spindle speed of 270 rpm. © 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Experimental investigation of cryogenic end milling on maraging steel using cryogenically treated tungsten carbide-cobalt inserts

Department of Civil Engineering

ISSMGE TC107 Symposium on Laterites and Lateritic Soils

Geosynthetic filters to Prevent Soil Piping and Internal Erosion

ISSMGE TC107 Symposium on Laterites and Lateritic Siols, 20-21 September, 2019, Goa, India

Deformation behaviour of reinforced soil slopes subjected to rainfall induced subsidence

We demonstrate the use of graphene oxide (GO) in making p-n junctions. Two variants of p-n junctions made using GO are reported. In one of the variant, we deposit a layer of GO on aluminium zinc oxide (AZO) and study the junction properties using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. In the other variant, we reduce the GO deposited on a glass substrate to obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and make a GO-rGO bilayer p-n junction. The photovoltaic response of this GO-rGO bilayer is reported. These two approaches provide an inexpensive route to make p-n junctions for realizing GO based electronic devices. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Department of Physics

Materials Today: Proceedings

Graphene Oxide based p-n junctions

Uncontrolled dumping of huge quantities of calcium carbide residue (CCR) which is an industrial by product of acetylene gas industry is hazardous to environment due to its high alkalinity. Utilization of calcium carbide residue for stabilization of subgrade soils is a cost effective and sustainable practice, which can be adopted in design and construction of flexible pavements. In the present work, the efficacy of treatment with CCR in reducing the accumulation of permanent deformations in black cotton soil (BC soil) subgrade subjected to repeated loading is investigated. Untreated black cotton soil samples and CCR stabilized samples are subjected to repeated load triaxial tests for determining the accumulation of plastic strain with repeated loading cycles. Effect of cyclic deviatoric stress levels and moulding water content on the development of permanent deformation is examined. The accumulation of permanent deformation is quantified using the critical cyclic stress levels based on the shake down theory. The experimental data for the permanent deformation of treated as well as untreated soil samples is found to fit well with two the models (VTT model and power law model) reported in literature. The efficacy of CCR stabilization in reducing the permanent deformations of black cotton soil subjected to repeated loading is confirmed based on the mineralogical and morphological studies carried out on the treated samples. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Construction and Building Materials

Permanent deformation behaviour of black cotton soil treated with calcium carbide residue

Computing Herbrand equivalences of terms in data flow frameworks is well studied in program analysis. While algorithms use iterative fix-point computation on some abstract lattice of expressions relevant to the flow graph, the definition of Herbrand equivalences is based on an equivalence over all program paths formulation, on the (infinite) set of all expressions. The aim of this paper is to develop a lattice theoretic fix-point formulation of Herbrand equivalence on a concrete lattice defined over the set of all terms constructible from variables, constants and operators of a program. This new formulation makes explicit the underlying lattice framework as well as the monotone function involved in computing Herbrand equivalences. We introduce the notion of Herbrand congruence and define an (infinite) concrete lattice of Herbrand congruences. Herbrand equivalence is defined as the maximum fix-point of a composite transfer function defined over an appropriate product lattice of the above concrete lattice. We then re-formulate the traditional meet over all paths definition in our lattice theoretic framework. and prove that the maximum fix-point (MFP) and the meet-over-all-paths (MOP) formulations coincide as expected. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

A fix-point characterization of herbrand equivalence of expressions in data flow frameworks

The present paper proposes a new and simple mechanical model for predicting the maximum sloshing wave height (MSWH) in a partially filled, laterally excited cylindrical tank. The proposed model is a linear, two degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system which consists of two masses representing the sloshing and non-sloshing mass of the partially filled cylindrical tank. The model is validated through a series of experiments conducted on a cylindrical tank filled with water which is mounted in a slosh test rig. The proposed model successfully captures the beating phenomenon observed in sloshing wave height, when the tank is laterally excited near the resonant frequency of the liquid. The present study leads to a simpler, accurate and faster mechanical model which can predict the MSWH, frequency of sloshing liquid and the lateral sloshing force. The model can be readily used by the design engineers, instead of time consuming numerical models like computational fluid dynamics and smoothed particle hydrodynamics, in the preliminary design phase of any structure involving lateral sloshing and provide quick results which will substantially lead to shorter design cycle time. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Sound and Vibration

Development and validation of a simple two degree of freedom model for predicting maximum fundamental sloshing mode wave height in a cylindrical tank

The current paper proposes the formulation of beam elements using B-spline wavelet on the interval based wavelet finite element method by incorporating von Kármán nonlinear strains. Formulation is proposed for both Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory. A background cell based Gauss quadrature is proposed for numerical integration. Numerical examples are solved for transverse deflections and stresses in axial direction, and are compared with the existing converged results from finite element method. The issues of membrane and shear locking for the proposed elements are examined and solution techniques are suggested to overcome the issues. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.

Applied Mathematical Modelling

Construction of beam elements considering von Kármán nonlinear strains using B-spline wavelet on the interval

A systematic study of the photoluminescence quenching efficiencies in P3HT: PCBM blends showed a non-linear dependence on the PCBM concentration. We find a faster decrease in PL emission initially which later flattens out around 1:1 composition which tallies well with sample compositions known to give the best power conversion efficiencies. This implies that the exciton dissociation rates dominate the photocurrent generation in these films. We obtained a maximum of 91% photoluminescence quenching for films with a 1:1 blend ratio. A mean field based phenomenological model is presented, which very well describes our experimental results. The generation of free carriers due to various proposed mechanisms like dissociation and delocalization are collectively considered in the model. The model helps us understand the underlying physics and dependence of the quenching efficiency on parameters like excitation intensities. The proposed model will be useful in predicting the behaviour of exciton dissociation in new organic blends. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.