Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

World University root node

Department of Civil Engineering

In book: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 476, pp 301–312,

Digital soil mapping of residual lateritic soils in Kerala using interpolation methods

Natural Geo-Disasters and Resiliency

Regional Modelling of a Rainfall-Induced Landslide in Idukki, Kerala by Incorporating Unsaturated Soil Properties: Case Study

Unsafe programming languages like C/C++ lack efficient memory management module. A programmer is privileged to do explicit allocation and deallocation of heap memory blocks in C/C++ programming languages. Memory errors related to heap memory are difficult to capture using software testing in such programming languages. Program analysis can improve the reliability of software by identifying and repairing bugs related to dynamic memory management. An efficient static analyzer needs to look at the control flow graph of the whole program binary. Capturing context, path, and flow sensitivity is challenging using abstract interpretation and can lead to over approximated results. We propose Heap Object Flow Graph (HOFG), a program representation that eases program analysis to detect memory errors using static program analysis. An efficient program analysis on HOFG called HOFG-Analyser is defined, to capture memory leaks. We were able to detect memory leaks on different benchmarks written in C/C++ programming language with sizes up to 521K Lines of Code (LoC) with minimal false positive rates. Our experimental evaluation show that HOFG-Analyser is efficient and effective than an existing static analysis tool, INFER. In many cases, more number of leaks and less false positive rate is achieved by the HOFG-Analyser

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Innovation in Software Engineering

Memory leak detection using Heap Object Flow Graph (HOFG)

The primary objective of the current study is to shed light on specific instances of failures or inadequate performance of geosynthetic-reinforced MSE walls situated in the state of Kerala, India. The research also puts forth potential remedial actions and precautions. It is noteworthy that a majority of these failures of geosynthetic-reinforced MSE walls in Kerala occurred either during or following the monsoon season. The primary factors contributing to these failures were identified as the utilization of locally available marginal lateritic soils in the backfill, insufficient management of external and internal drainage systems, suboptimal filter and drain designs, inadequate compaction of foundation soil, and the lack of necessary ground improvement measures prior to commencing MSE wall construction. The corrective measures proposed include structural repairs involving compaction grouting and soil nailing, reconstruction, and the implementation of stone columns, among others. To mitigate the ingress of rainwater into low-permeability backfill material, preventive measures are suggested for both during and after construction. Rainfall infiltration has been linked to undesirable deformations and bulging in MSE walls. During construction, the backfill can be covered at the end of each workday, and post-construction, a geomembrane layer can be employed to seal the surface. Additionally, a reduction in interface shear strength resulting from the loss of suction due to rain-induced wetting should be considered when utilizing marginal lateritic soil as the backfill for MSE walls. Furthermore, the study found that stone columns effectively enhance the bearing capacity and drainage of compressible clay foundations beneath MSE walls. The reconstruction of a collapsed MSE wall underscores the significance of thorough site investigation and the adoption of appropriate ground improvement measures when necessary.

Indian Geotechnical Journal

Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Structures: Forensic Investigation on Failures and Remedial Measures

Natural Fibres: A Sustainable Material for Geotextile Applications

<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/additive-manufacturing">Additive manufacturing</a> can produce complex shapes with minimum material waste. This advantage has made metal additive manufacturing attractive, and efforts are being made to make it more technically promising than <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/conventional-manufacturing-process">conventional manufacturing processes</a>. However, due to the layer-by-layer deposition, one of the main issues of the additively manufactured metal parts is the dimensional deviation and highly rough surfaces. This makes it difficult to use the parts in as-built condition and necessities post-processing to meet the required surface finish and tolerances. Hence, this study reports the underlying insights into the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/grinding-machining">grinding</a> of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/selective-laser-melting">selective laser melting</a> (SLM) printed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/inconel-718">Inconel 718</a>. Experiments were conducted considering the wide range of equivalent chip thickness values and built directions of as-built workpieces. Specific grinding forces revealed the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/grindability">grindability</a> of SLM-printed Inconel 718 with the number of passes and depth of cut compared to wrought Inconel 718. SEM images revealed the influence of the inherent pores on the metal additive manufactured samples in frequent abrasive grits fracturing and minor burn marks over the work surface, supported by the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/energy-dispersive-x-ray-spectroscopy">EDS analysis</a>. The experiments conducted on porous structured samples also confirm the influence of pores on grit fracturing. The observed micro grit fracturing in SLM-printed as-built Inconel 718 mitigated the effect of strain-hardening on specific energy despite an increased hardness, unlike wrought Inconel 718.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

Grindability of additively manufactured Inconel 718

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has been proven vital in the last two decades for the treatment of multiple cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the majority of approved EGFR inhibitors fall into the drug resistance category because of continuous mutations and acquired resistance. Recently, autophagy has surfaced as one of the emerging underlying mechanisms behind resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Previously, we developed a series of 4″-alkyl EGCG (4″-Cn EGCG, n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18) derivatives with enhanced anticancer effects and stability. Therefore, the current study hypothesized that 4″-alkyl EGCG might induce cytoprotective autophagy upon EGFR inhibition and inhibition of autophagy may lead to improved cytotoxicity. In this study, we have observed growth inhibition and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in 4″-alkyl EGCG derivativetreated glioblastoma cells (U87-MG). We also confirmed that 4″-alkyl EGCG could inhibit EGFR in the cells, as well as mutant L858R/T790M EGFR, through an in vitro kinase assay. Furthermore, we have found that EGFR inhibition with 4″-alkyl EGCG induces cytoprotective autophagic responses, accompanied by the blockage of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, cytotoxicity caused by 4″-C10 EGCG, 4″-C12 EGCG and 4″-C14 EGCG was significantly increased after the inhibition of autophagy by the pharmacological inhibitor chloroquine. These findings enhance our understanding of the autophagic response toward EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma cells and suggest a potent combinatorial strategy to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

Department of Chemistry

ACS Omega

4″-Alkyl EGCG Derivatives Induce Cytoprotective Autophagy Response by Inhibiting EGFR in Glioblastoma Cells

The performance of interacting metal surfaces having sliding motion is enhanced by fabricating microfeatures on-top of the surfaces. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is used to fabricate the microfeatures of IN625 on-top of a flat surface. In LPBF, geometrical characteristics of microfeatures are based on the energy supplied and the volume of material melted (layer thickness) at that instant of time. There is very few research reported in open literature on the effect of layer thickness on microfeatures geometry during LPBF. In this work, a series of single tracks is fabricated with different combinations of laser power and scanning speed for 75 μm, 100 μm and 125 μm layer thickness and its effect on single track geometrical characteristics and microstructure was evaluated. It has been found that laser power and scanning speed have a significant influence on the track geometry irrespective of layer thickness. The minimum linear energy density of 2.5 J/mm is considered to fabricate the continuous track formation for investigated layer thickness. From statistical analysis, it is observed that the laser power and scanning speed shows higher contribution on track width and remelting depth, respectively. Whereas, layer thickness shows a higher influence on track height and contact angle of single track as compared to laser power and scanning speed. In 125 μm layer thickness, the volume of material melting is increased which encourages the gravity effect to deform the melt pool and produces larger track width compare to 100 μm layer thickness. Further, the cell spacing is gradually increased with layer thickness resulting increase in the solidification period. The shape controllability of the single track is significantly increased with layer thickness, but as keeps on increasing layer thickness due to the larger volume of molten metal, the melt pool losses ability to maintain convex shapes. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to understand the relationship between the LPBF process parameters and single track geometrical characteristics to predict the responses for a wide range of process parameters. The multiple response neural network model shows excellent agreement with experimental results with R2 value greater than 0.95. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Optics and Laser Technology

Experimental study and neural network model based prediction of layer thickness influence on LPBF IN625 single track geometry

The anti-Ramsey number ar(G,H) with input graph G and pattern graph H, is the maximum positive integer k such that there exists an edge coloring of G using k colors, in which there are no rainbow subgraphs isomorphic to H in G. (H is rainbow if all its edges get distinct colors). The concept of anti-Ramsey number was introduced by Erdős et al. in 1973. Thereafter, several researchers investigated this concept in the combinatorial setting. Recently, Feng et al. revisited the anti-Ramsey problem for the pattern graph K1,t (for t≥3) purely from an algorithmic point of view. For a graph G and an integer q≥2, an edge q-coloring of G is an assignment of colors to edges of G, such that the edges incident on a vertex span at most q distinct colors. The maximum edge q-coloring problem seeks to maximize the number of colors in an edge q-coloring of the graph G. Note that the optimum value of the edge q-coloring problem of G equals ar(G,K1,q+1). Here, we study ar(G,K1,t), the anti-Ramsey number of stars, for each fixed integer t≥3, both from combinatorial and algorithmic point of view. The first of our main results presents an upper bound for ar(G,K1,q+1), in terms of number of vertices and the minimum degree of G. The second one improves this result for the case of triangle-free input graphs. Our third main result presents an upper bound for ar(G,K1,q+1) in terms of |E(G≤(q−1))|, which is a frequently used lower bound for ar(G,K1,q+1) and maximum edge q-coloring in the literature. All our results have algorithmic consequences. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.