Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

A new carbazole-based 90° dipyridyl donor 3,6-di(4-pyridylethynyl) carbazole (L) containing carbazole-ethynyl functionality is synthesized in reasonable yield using the Sonagashira coupling reaction. Multinuclear NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), including single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis characterized this 90° building unit. The stoichiometry combination of L with several Pd(II)/Pt(II)-based 90° acceptors (1a-1d) yielded [2 + 2] self-assembled metallacycles (2a-2d) under mild conditions in quantitative yields [1a = cis-(dppf)Pd(OTf) 2; 1b = cis-(dppf)Pt(OTf) 2; 1c = cis-(tmen)Pd(NO 3) 2; 1d = 3,6-bis{trans-Pt(C=C)(PEt 3) 2(NO 3)} carbazole]. All these macrocycles were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, and the molecular structure of 2a was unambiguously determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Incorporation of ethynyl functionality to the carbazole backbone causes the resulted macrocycles (2a-2d) to be π-electron rich and thereby exhibit strong emission characteristics. The macrocycle 2a has a large internal concave aromatic surface. The fluorescence quenching study suggests that 2a forms a ∼1:1 complex with C 60 with a high association constant of K sv = 1.0 × 10 5 M -1. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Department of Chemistry

World University root node

Inorganic Chemistry

Coordination-driven self-assembly of 2D-metallamacrocycles using a new carbazole-based dipyridyl donor: Synthesis, characterization, and C 60 binding study

Coordination-driven self-assembly of binuclear half-sandwich p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru 2(μ-η 4-C 2O 4)(MeOH) 2(η 6-pcymene) 2](O 3SCF 3) 2 (1a) or [Ru 2(μ-η 4-N,N'-diphenyloxamidato)(MeOH) 2(η 6-p-cymene) 2](O 3SCF 3) 2 (1b) separately with an imidazole-based tetratopic donor L in methanol affords two tetranuclear metallamacrocycles 2a and 2b, respectively. Conversely, the similar combination of L with 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4- benzoquinonato (dhbq) bridged binuclear complex [Ru 2(μ- η 4-C 6H 2O 4)(MeOH) 2(η 6-p-cymene) 2](O 3SCF 3) 2 (1c) in 1:2 molar ratio resulted in an octanuclear macrocyclic cage 2c. All the selfassembled macrocycles 2a-2c were isolated as their triflate salts in high yields and were characterized fully by multinuclear ( 1H, 13C and 19F) NMR, infrared (IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). In addition, the molecular structure of macrocycle 2a was established unequivocally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and adopts a tetranuclear rectangular geometry with the dimensions of 5.53 Å × 12.39 Å. Furthermore, the photo-and electrochemical properties of these newly synthesized assemblies have been studied by using UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry analysis. © 2012 Shanmugaraju et al.

Fulltext

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry

Self-assembly of Ru 4 and Ru 8 assemblies by coordination using organometallic Ru(II) 2 precursors: Synthesis, characterization and properties

We present a new concept for studies of the kinetics of fast gas-liquid reactions. The strategy relies on the microfluidic generation of highly monodisperse gas bubbles in the liquid reaction medium and subsequent analysis of time-dependent changes in bubble dimensions. Using reactions of CO 2 with secondary amines as an exemplary system, we demonstrate that the method enables rapid determination of reaction rate constant and conversion, and comparison of various binding agents. The proposed approach addresses two challenges in studies of gas-liquid reactions: a mass-transfer limitation and a poorly defined gas-liquid interface. The proposed strategy offers new possibilities in studies of the fundamental aspects of rapid multiphase reactions, and can be combined with throughput optimization of reaction conditions. © 2011 American Chemical Society.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Microfluidic study of fast gas-liquid reactions

A radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical system (RF-MEMS) phase shifter based on the distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) concept towards maximum achievable phase shift with low actuation voltage with good figure of merit (FOM) is presented in this paper. This surface micro-machined analog DMTL phase shifter demonstrates low power consumption for implementation in a Ka-band transmit/receive (T/R) module. The push-pull-type switch has been designed and optimized with an analytical method and validated with simulation, which is the fundamental building block of the design of a true-time-delay phase shifter. Change in phase has been designed and optimized in push and pull states with reference to the up-state performance of the phase shifter. The working principle of this push-pull-type DMTL phase shifter has been comprehensively worked out. A thorough detail of the design and performance analysis of the phase shifter has been carried out with various structural parameters using commercially available simulation tools with reference to a change in phase shift and has been verified using a system level simulation. The phase shifter is fabricated on the alumina substrate, using a suspended gold bridge membrane with a surface micromachining process. Asymmetric behaviour of push-pull bridge configuration has been noted and a corresponding effect on mechanical, electrical and RF performances has been extensively investigated. It is demonstrated 114° dB-1 FOM over 0-40 GHz band, which is the highest achievable FOM from a unit cell on an alumina substrate reported so far. A complete phase shifter contributes to a continuous differential phase shift of 0°-360° over 0-40 GHz band with a minimum actuation voltage of 8.1 V which is the highest achievable phase shift with the lowest actuation voltage as per till date on the alumina substrate with good repeatability and return loss better than 11.5 dB over 0-40 GHz band. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering

Design and development of a surface micro-machined push-pull-type true-time-delay phase shifter on an alumina substrate for Ka-band T/R module application

In this paper, we present an automated, adaptive image denoising method for removal of Rician noise from MRI images. The proposed method is based on the discretized total variation (TV) minimization model and the local noise estimation technique. The regularization parameter of the TV-based denoising method is adapted based on the standard deviation of noise in MRI image. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the brain MRI images corrupted by Rician noise with standard deviation ranging from 2 to 30. The quality of the denoised image is validated using both subjective visualization tests and objective quality metrics. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in the preservation of edges while simultaneously removing the Rician noise from a MR image. The adaptive TV filtering method is reasonably better than existing methods such as non-local filter, bilateral filter and multiscale linear minimum mean square-error estimation (LMMSE) approach. © 2012 Pillay Engineering College.

IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And …

Adaptive MRI image denoising using total-variation and local noise estimation

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors have been fabricated with single dielectric stack (Gd2O3) and bilayer dielectric stacks of Eu2O3 and Gd2O3 (Gd 2O3/Eu2O3 and Eu2O 3/Gd2O3) for analog and DRAM applications. While Pt/Gd2O3/Pt capacitors provide the highest capacitance density (15 fF/μm2), Pt/Gd2O 3/Eu2O3/Pt and Pt/Eu2O 3/Gd2O3/Pt capacitors provide lower leakage current densities (1.2×10-5 A/cm2 and 2.7×10-5 A/cm2, respectively at -1 V) and lower quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (VCC) (331 ppm/V2 and 374 ppm/V2, respectively at 1 MHz). The barrier/trap heights and defect densities have been computed for the faricated devices. The improved performance of bilayer dielectric stacks (Gd2O3/Eu 2O3 and Eu2O3/Gd2O 3) is attributed to lower defect densities and higher barrier/trap heights. © 2012 IEEE.

2012 International Conference on Emerging Electronics, ICEE 2012

High-density metal-insulator-metal capacitors using Gd2O 3-based dielectrics

Micro electric discharge machining (μ-EDM) process is being used to machine complex shapes on silicon. In specific, dry-μ-EDM can be used to process assembled or semi assembled silicon products. However, there is lack of investigation on the effect of single pulse discharge machining and its plasma characteristics on silicon. Hence, in this paper we investigate the crater and plasma characteristics of single discharge for various conditions such as different electrode diameters and different energy conditions (fixed voltage with varying capacitance and vice-versa). The plasma temperature and electron density have been calculated by line pair method and modified Saha equation respectively. The values are mapped into the plasma classification plot based on log scale of plasma temperature and electron density and realised that at μ-scale EDM plasma was found to be ideal up to 50 mJ energy and tends to become weakly non-ideal plasma for 98 mJ energy. Also from the influence of energy on plasma characteristics it is understood that electron density also plays a major role along with the plasma temperature. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems

Investigation of single pulse discharge on silicon: Crater and plasma characteristics

Department of Physics

Neutrino-Induced Production of 9Be in Core-Collapse Supernovae

Batch codes, introduced by Ishai et al. in [11], are methods for solving the following data storage problem: n data items are to be stored in m servers in such a way that any k of the n items can be retrieved by reading at most t items from each server, and that the total number of items stored in m servers is N. A combinatorial batch code (CBC) is a batch code where each data item is stored without change, i.e., each stored data item is a copy of one of the n data items. One of the basic yet challenging problems is to find optimal CBCs, i.e., CBCs for which total storage (N) is minimal for given values of n, m, k, and t. In [13], Paterson et al. exclusively studied CBCs and gave constructions of some optimal CBCs. In this article, we give a lower bound on the total storage (N) for CBCs. We give explicit construction of optimal CBCs for a range of values of n. For a different range of values of n, we give explicit construction of optimal and almost optimal CBCs. Our results partly settle an open problem of [13]. © 2012 AIMS.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Advances in Mathematics of Communications

Combinatorial batch codes: A lower bound and optimal constructions

Pathogens like HIV-1, which evolve into many closely related variants displaying differential infectivity and evolutionary dynamics in a short time scale, require fast and accurate classification. Conventional whole genome sequence alignment-based methods are computationally expensive and involve complex analysis. Alignment-free methodologies are increasingly being used to effectively differentiate genomic variations between viral species. Multifractal analysis, which explores the self-similar nature of genomes, is an alignment-free methodology that has been applied to study such variations. However, whether multifractal analysis can quantify variations between closely related genomes, such as the HIV-1 subtypes, is an open question. Here we address the above by implementing the multifractal analysis on four retroviral genomes (HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVcpz, and HTLV-1), and demonstrate that individual multifractal properties can differentiate between different retrovirus types easily. However, the individual multifractal measures do not resolve within-group variations for different known subtypes of HIV-1 M group. We show here that these known subtypes can instead be classified correctly using a combination of the crucial multifractal measures. This method is simple and computationally fast in comparison to the conventional alignment-based methods for whole genome phylogenetic analysis. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.