Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

We report the very first example of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(ii) metallocycle based on a green emitting 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap) supramolecular scaffold. A new cleft-shaped TBNap-derived di-4-picolyl donor was synthesized and reacted in a 2 : 2 stoichiometry ratio with a dinuclear Ru(ii) acceptor (Ru-A) to generate a [2 + 2] self-assembled metallocycle (TBNap-Ru-MC) in good yield. Both TBNap and TBNap-Ru-MC showed positive solvatochromism in different solvents with varying polarities. In addition, the binding propensity of cationic TBNap-Ru-MC toward the heparin polyanion was determined using fluorescence titration studies. The initial fluorescence emission of TBNap-Ru-MC was quenched upon the gradual addition of the heparin polyanion, and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) was calculated to be 3.97 × 105 M−1 © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

World University root node

Department of Chemistry

Dalton Transactions

Synthesis, characterization, and heparin-binding study of a self-assembled p-cymene-Ru(ii) metallocycle based on a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base supramolecular scaffold

A unique V-shaped "chiral" supramolecular scaffold, N-(4-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base (TBNap), was synthesized in good yield from a precursor N-(4-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (Nap). TBNap was characterized using different spectroscopic methods and the molecular structure was elucidated by diffraction analysis. A new p-cymene-Ru(II)-curcumin conjugate (TB-Ru-Cur) was designed by reacting TBNap dipyridyl donor and ruthenium-curcuminato acceptor [RuCur = (p-cymene)Ru-(curcuminato)Cl] in the presence of silver triflate. TB-Ru-Cur was isolated in quantitative yield and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), NMR (1H, 13C, and 19F), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the molecular structure has been predicted using a computational study. Both TBNap and TB-Ru-Cur exhibited intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based fluorescence emission. Furthermore, the anticancer properties of TBNap, Ru-Cur, and TB-Ru-Cur were assessed in different cancer cell lines. Gratifyingly, the conjugate TB-Ru-Cur displayed fast-cellular internalization and good cytotoxicity against HeLa, HCT-116, and HepG2 cancer cells and the estimated IC50value was much lower than that of the precursors (TBNap and Ru-Cur) and the well-known chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Inorganic Chemistry

Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Studies of a p-Cymene-Ru(II)-Curcumin Organometallic Conjugate Based on a Fluorescent 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's Base Scaffold

The design of suitable fluorescent chemosensors for the trace detection of emerging organic pollutants attracted great research interest because of their serious menace to the environment and health hazards. Herein, we report two 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent chemosensors, N-phenyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (Nap-1) and N-phenyl-3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (Nap-2), for the discriminative fluorescent sensing of nitro-containing antibiotics. Nap-1 and Nap-2 have been synthesized in two steps from their respective nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride precursors and they were fully characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, and NMR (1H, and 13C), and HRMS. Both Nap-1 and Nap-2 are highly emissive due to internal-charge transfer (ICT) transition and exhibited a positive solvatochromism in different solvent mediums. The fluorescence titration studies of Nap-1 and Nap-2 with various antibiotics showed high selectivity and strong binding affinity for nitro-containing antibiotics with a parts-per-billions (ppb) level of sensitivity. The initial fluorescence emission intensity of Nap-1 and Nap-2 was quenched upon the addition of nitro-antibiotics such as Nitrofurazone (NFZ) and Dimetridazole (DMZ). Notably, the co-existence of other competing antibiotics showed negligible to moderate fluorescence quenching. The observed discriminative fluorescence sensing was also reflected by sharp visual colour changes. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants (KSV) were calculated to be in the order of 104 M−1. These studies suggest that Nap-1 and Nap-2 can be used as potential “turn-off” fluorescent chemosensors for the selective, sensitive, and fast detection of nitro-antibiotics. © 2022 The Author(s)

Results in Chemistry

Discriminative fluorescent sensing of nitro-antibiotics at ppb level using N-phenyl-amino-1,8-naphthalimides chemosensors

This work reports a unique ZrO2-Ag2O heterojunction nanocomposite uniformly dispersed on a macro-/meso-porous polymer monolithic template to serve as simple and effective visible light-driven heterogeneous plasmonic photocatalysts for water decontamination. The monolithic photocatalysts' structural properties and surface morphology are characterized using various surface and structural characterization techniques. The photocatalytic performance of the proposed photocatalysts is evaluated by optimizing multiple operational parameters. The photocatalytic properties of the fabricated monolithic nanocomposite are monitored through time-dependent photocatalytic disintegration of norfloxacin drug, a widely employed antimicrobial, with considerable aquatic persistence. The analytical results conclude that a (60:40) ZrO2-Ag2O nanocomposite embedded polymer monolith exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for the complete mineralization of norfloxacin molecules under optimized conditions of solution pH (3.0), photocatalyst quantity (100 mg), pollutant concentration (15 mg/L), photosensitizers (2.0 mM KBrO3), visible light intensity (300 W/cm(2) tungsten lamp) and irradiation time (<= 1 h). The proposed new-age inorganic-organic hybrid visible light photo-catalysts with superior structural and surface properties exhibit brilliant performance and fast responsiveness for water decontamination applications, in addition to their excellent chemical stability, high durability, multi-reusability, and cost-effectiveness. {[}GRAPHICS] .

PHOTOCHEMICAL \& PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ZrO2-Ag2O nanocomposites encrusted porous polymer monoliths as high-performance visible light photocatalysts for the fast degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants

Data Mining is a powerful technology and is used to identify useful and understandable patterns by analyzing large sets of data. It gives a detailed view of various disease predictions. It will be more useful especially in pandemic times. During these days, doctors are in the front line and battling with the COVID-19 virus. It will be hard for people to immediately get medical guidance or appointments. Our proposed system, the smart health application will come in handy at these times. The system allows people to get medical guidance for their health issues. Also, the system is fed with symptoms and the disease-related with it which will give high accuracy for disease prediction. Our model aims to use Stacking Ensemble Classification Algorithms to give high accuracy and correct prediction than Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K - Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression for different types of 149 diseases. The GUI is designed which can be used easily to predict the different types of disease accurately.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SECURITY

SMART HEALTH SYSTEM USING STACKING ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM

Modifying the surface topography by fabricating the microfeatures on-top of interacting surfaces has the potential to enhance the tribological behavior of mechanical components having sliding motion. In the additive manufacturing process, Laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF) is chosen to fabricate microfeatures for metals. In LPBF, microfeature characteristics are based on the energy supplied and strategies used for fabrication. In this work, a single layer single track (SLST) experiment is carried out for a different combination of the laser power and scanning speed for fabricating continuous and uniform track width with good shape controllability. Further, the interaction between the lateral and vertical deposition to a single track is also analyzed by using single layer double track (SLDT) and double layer single track (DLST) strategies. It has been found that the LPBF process parameters have a significant influence on the track's morphology and its geometry irrespective of the build strategies. The continuous and uniform tracks are formed when the LED is greater than 0.3 J/mm for investigated build strategies. The microfeatures of width 150 μm to 300 μm and height 40 μm is recommended to fabricate by SLST strategy whereas for 60 μm height of microfeature DLST strategy is recommended. If the microfeatures width is greater than 300 μm then SLDT strategy is recommended. SLST and DLST show good control on the microfeatures characteristics as compared to SLDT strategy. © 2022 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

Investigation of build strategies for microfeatures fabrication using laser powder bed fusion

Worldwide overpopulation needs progressive crop yield creating environmental pollution. Low cost and easily available biofertilizer development is the best alternative for a sustainable agricultural system. In this study different agricultural waste such as wheat bran, sesame bran and bagasse were used as a carrier for the isolated PGPR. Two most potent cadmium and lead tolerant PGPR were isolated from Indian agricultural soil and identified as Lysinibacillus varians strain KUBM17 (accession number MG976681) and Pseudomonas putida strain KUBM18 (accession number MG976684). PGPRs were inoculated in different possible combinations of carrier materials. The growth and survivability of PGPRs were checked with plate count technique frequently up to 120 days. The best carrier was selected for PGPR application on radish and gram plants to check their plant growth-promoting ability. Sesame bran showed higher CFU count (7.8 x106/gm) for the PGPRs from the early days. Whereas, wheat bran and bagasse individually showed slower but sustainable nutrient availability for both the PGPRs. Wheat bran, sesame bran and bagasse in 1:1:1 ratio produced decent performance throughout the time period. The carrier mixture as biofertilizer showed higher plant biomass, germination percentage, chlorophyll content and other growth parameters on radish and gram plant under cadmium and lead stress. Carrier grown Lysinibacillus varians and Pseudomonas putida were able to nullify the toxicity of cadmium or lead and significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced almost all the plant growth parameters of both the plants. So, wheat bran, sesame bran and bagasse can be used for cheap PGPR-biofertilizer development.

Department of Physics

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES

CARRIER DEVELOPMENT FOR PGPR-BIOFERTILIZER AND ITS EXPLOITATION UNDER CADMIUM AND LEAD STRESSED CONDITION

To date, there is no satisfactory and effective therapy available to cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This present work is focused on plant extracts and the effect of saroglitazar and TET genes on oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro adipocytes. Aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica and Momordica charantia seed have shown potent antidiabetic activity that decreases glucose levels in diabetic adipocytes. After seven and fourteen days, the sugar level in the blood was significantly reduced when plant extracts were supplemented. Lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) showed a highly significant change as expected in adipocytes treated with glucose compared with controlled adipocytes (P < 0.001). Gene expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are changed twice, thrice, and quadruplet, respectively. The level of interleukin-1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was restored but the interleukin-6 (IL6) and ten-eleven-translocation-1 (TET1) were completely knocked down by the use of saroglitazar. In comparison with the diabetic group, this supplementation significantly increased glycogen content and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. In the extract supplemented group, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-oxidizing enzyme, and glucose-phosphorylating enzyme activities were significantly reduced. After seven days of extract supplementation, these parameters were not resettled to a controlled level; however, after 14 days of supplementation, all parameters were restored to the control level. In addition to altering gene expression, TET enzymes may contribute to altered adiposity and its metabolic consequences. The purpose of this study is to examine new ideas and approaches for treating obesity, T2DM, and other associated metabolic disorders.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

RETRACTED: Antidiabetic Effect of Tamarindus indica and Momordica charantia and Downregulation of TET-1 Gene Expression by Saroglitazar in Glucose Feed Adipocytes and Their Involvement in the Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Inflammation In Vitro (Retracted Article)

Concrete-based construction provides enormous advantages by utilizing waste materials and by-products from various sources such as industries, power plants, etc. One of the significant waste materials from the coal-based power plants, pond ash (PA), is highly dumped into landfills, causing critical environmental issues. This study examined the strength, morphological and durability characteristics of coal pond ash concrete. In this investigation, the cement was replaced with 10\% of coal pond ash by weight of cement and water - binder ratio of 0.44 was used in all mix proportions. Strength properties were evaluated by using modulus of elasticity test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were also performed to evaluate its morphological characteristics. Durability properties such as rapid chloride penetration test, weathering resistance test, acid resistance test and chloride resistance test were conducted. The test results confirmed the efficiency of adding ash to cement material. Ten percent of coal pond ash in concrete had significant resistance against chloride penetration, weathering action, chloride and acid attack. SEM and EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of a higher amount of CSH gels at the increase in age, which promotes more - denser, less porous and compacted microstructure in concrete.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION

Performance study on strength, morphological, and durability characteristics of coal pond ash concrete

In this article, we discussed the dynamic behavior of a delay-induced harvested predator-prey model with fear effects (perceived by the prey). We then considered selective harvesting terms for both species which provide some fixed elapsed time to the prey and for the predator population before they are harvested. In other words, we are limiting the harvesting of species below a certain age so that they can grow to a certain specific size or age and thus protect juvenile populations. Reproduction of the prey population can also be greatly impeded due to the influence of the fear effect. The consideration of selective harvesting together with the effect of fear on the proposed system to show stable coexistence to the oscillatory mode and vice versa via Hopf-bifurcation. For better ecological management of the community, our study reveals the fact that collection delays and intensities should be maintained. Numerical simulations were performed to validate our analytical results.