Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

This paper investigates low-latency adaptive streaming codes for a three-node relay network. A source node transmits a sequence of source packets (messages) to the destination through a relay node. We focus on a particular case where the link connecting the source and relay nodes is almost reliable, but the link connecting the relay to the destination is not. The relay node can observe the erasure pattern that has occurred in the transmission between the source node and itself and adapt its relaying strategy based on that observation. Every source packet must be perfectly recovered by the destination with a strict delay T, as long as the number of erasures in the relay-to-destination link lies below some design parameter. We then characterize capacity as a function of such design parameter. The achievability scheme employs two different relaying strategies, based on whether an erasure has or has not occurred in the link from source to relay. The converse is proven by analyzing a periodic erasure pattern and lower bounding the minimum redundancy across channel packets. We show that the achievable rate can be improved compared to non-adaptive schemes previously proposed, indicating that exploiting the knowledge of the erasure pattern by the relay node is essential in achieving capacity. © 2022 IEEE.

World University root node

Department of Data Science

IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings

On State-Dependent Streaming Erasure Codes over the Three-Node Relay Network

Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the most vital signs to predict symptoms of serious illnesses and also used as a vital indicator or significant physiological parameter for early disease warning (early detection of patient deterioration) and to monitor person's physical and emotional stress. In this paper, we propose an automated Hilbert envelope based respiration rate estimation method using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal. The proposed Hilbert transform RR (HT-RR) method is tested by using the signals taken from BIDMC and CapnoBase databases. On the benchmark performance metrics, the proposed method had an mean absolute error (MAE) in terms of median (25th-75th percentile) of 3.7(1.8-5.5) breaths per minute (brpm) and 2.6 (0.8-5.5) brpm for 30 and 60 second PPG signals respectively. Evaluation results further showed that the processing time of 4.81 ± 0.80 milliseconds are required to compute RR value from 30 seconds duration PPG signal. The method has great potential in improving the accuracy and reliability of wearable and portable diagnosis system. It is observed that the proposed method outperforms the recent RR estimation methods. © 2022 IEEE.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Proceedings - 2022 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things, ICAIoT 2022

Automated Hilbert Envelope Based Respiration Rate Measurement from PPG Signal for Wearable Vital Signs Monitoring Devices

To perform crash analysis on large road networks, the network has to be segmented into smaller units. Existing approaches split road networks into road segments such that they result in (a)segments with constant length, (b) segments where attributes are homogeneous, (c) segments where crash-locations are interdependent. This study proposes a novel hybrid segmentation approach, especially to cater for network-level analysis. Road entities at network scale include intersections and mid-blocks which are dissimilar in their functionality as well as geometry. The effective zones of intersections and mid-blocks needs to be delineated, as there exists spatial correlation between crashes in them. The first level of the hierarchical hybrid segmentation uses crash locations to define intersections’ neighborhood. Subsequently, mid-blocks are segmented using attribute consistency. To illustrate its applicability on road networks in Low-and-Middle Income Countries (LMIC), we exemplify the methodology employing remote extraction of spatial attributes. The potential of Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been used for remote extraction of spatial features, including curvature, sight distance, land use, and network attributes. We compare the performance of hybrid segmentation with three other typical segmentation approaches. Crash susceptibility models using binary logistic regression, relating crashes and segment-specific attributes obtained with each of the four segmentation approaches were developed. The model developed with the proposed hybrid segmentation outperforms models with other segmentation approaches, in terms of goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy. The proposed methodology can be readily used by practitioners for crash analysis. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Department of Civil Engineering

Safety Science

Hybrid segmentation approach to identify crash susceptible locations in large road networks

The electrocatalytic properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been considered for a variety of sensing applications. The unusual electrochemical properties of BDD include a large potential window, a small background current, and better resistance to fouling than other carbon-based electrodes. The use of BDD for remediation and environmental sensing applications has recently attracted the interest of the sensor research community. This review focuses on recent developments that involve the use of BDD as an environmentally friendly sensing material for environmental analysis. The electrochemical properties of boron-doped diamond that has undergone surface modification (e.g., with metals or enzymes) will be considered. Recent achievements involving the use of BDD electrodes for detecting pesticides, mycotoxins, peroxides, and phenolic compounds are considered. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Department of Chemistry

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

Recent advances of boron-doped diamond electrochemical sensors toward environmental applications

We study interacting active Brownian particles (ABPs) with a space-dependent swim velocity via simulation and theory. We find that, although an equation of state exists, a mechanical equilibrium does not apply to ABPs in activity landscapes. The pressure imbalance originates in the flux of polar order and the gradient of swim velocity across the interface between regions of different activity. An active-passive patch system is mainly controlled by the smallest global density for which the passive patch can be close packed. Below this density a critical point does not exist and the system splits continuously into a dense passive and a dilute active phase with increasing activity. Above this density and for sufficiently high activity the active phase may start to phase separate into a gas and a liquid phase caused by the same mechanism as motility-induced phase separation of ABPs with a homogeneous swim velocity. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

Department of Physics

New Journal of Physics

Interacting particles in an activity landscape

Health and wellness are linked to the food we regularly consume. Although the emergence of advanced technologies, such as intelligent packaging, safety, and transportation in temperature-controlled containers, has greatly improved the quality of food, certain microbial invasions and deliberate adulterations are unavoidable when it involves long transportation and extensive commercialization. These activities eventually make the food unhealthy to consume. Onsite quality control (QC) tends to check such food items not only to control the food spoilage in commercialization but also to protect the consumers from the consumption of unhealthy food. In this context, advances in miniaturized sensing devices have paved numerous possibilities to monitor food quality in an onsite context. This chapter discusses the existing ways of ensuring quality assurances for food safety and their associated challenges. Thereby, common indicators of quality and spoilage in different types of food items have comprehensively been described as control of the different types of food. Thereafter, the miniaturized biosensor-based devices for food quality assurance have been described, where a brief discussion on the development processes, analytical performances, and commercial potentials are discussed with various examples and reported potential products for food quality assurance and safety. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

Miniaturized Biosensing Devices: Fabrication and Applications

Onsite Quality Controls for Food Safety Based on Miniaturized Biosensing

The erythrocyte (or red blood cell) sedimentation rate (ESR) is commonly interpreted as a measure of cell aggregation and as a biomarker of inflammation. It is well known that an increase of fibrinogen concentration, an aggregation-inducing protein for erythrocytes, leads to an increase of the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes, which is generally explained through the formation and faster settling of large disjoint aggregates. However, many aspects of erythrocyte sedimentation conform well with the collapse of a particle gel rather than with the sedimentation of disjoint aggregates. Using experiments and cell-level numerical simulations, we systematically investigate the dependence of ESR on fibrinogen concentration and its relation to the microstructure of the gel-like erythrocyte suspension. We show that for physiological aggregation interactions, an increase in the attraction strength between cells results in a cell network with larger void spaces. This geometrical change in the network structure occurs due to anisotropic shape and deformability of erythrocytes and leads to an increased gel permeability and faster sedimentation. Our results provide a comprehensive relation between the ESR and the cell-level structure of erythrocyte suspensions and support the gel hypothesis in the interpretation of blood sedimentation. © 2022 American Physical Society.