Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

&nbsp;

IIT Palakkad

In this brief, we design Lyapunov-based control laws to achieve two multi-objective tasks for a network of open-loop unstable, nonholonomic mobile inverted pendulum (MIP) robots, using a connected undirected graph for inter-agent communication. Using the first protocol, translationally invariant formations are achieved along with the synchronization of attitudes and heading velocities to desired values. Using the second protocol, the robots move into a formation and asymptotically track a trajectory. The control laws are based on the kinematic model of the mobile robot, and control torques for the MIPs are extracted using a two-loop control architecture. Both the protocols guarantee boundedness of the linear heading velocity, which is necessary for the stability of the two-loop control architecture. The proposed control laws are experimentally validated on indigenously built MIP robots. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

World University root node

Department of Electrical Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

Formation Control and Trajectory Tracking of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots

This paper presents a novel integrated data compression and pulse rate measurement scheme for power reduction in Internet-of-Things (IoT) enabled wireless PPG monitoring devices. In the proposed scheme, the recorded photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal is compressed using the differential pulse code modulation and Huffman coding techniques and then the pulse rate (PR) is simultaneously extracted from the differential signal, which is the difference between the original and predicted signals. The proposed scheme achieves an average compression ratio, percentage root-mean-squared difference (PRD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and normalized cross correlation (NCC) of 4.76, 0.19%, 27.90 dB and 0.9991 respectively for the 5 s PPG signals digitized with a sampling rate of 100 Hz and resolution of 12 bits, on the three standard PPG databases (MIT-BIH SLP, MIMIC-II and CSL). Evaluation results show that the method yields peak detection rates of 98.94% and average PR measurement error of 0-2.6 samples. The proposed integrated scheme can enable timely measurement of the pulse rate (PR) and to significantly reduce the overall power consumption and therefore it is highly suited for IoT wireless wearable PPG sensors. © 2018 IEEE.

2018 13th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS 2018 - Proceedings

Integrated Data Compression and Pulse Rate Extraction Scheme Using Differential Coding for Wireless PPG Monitoring Devices

We study how vacancies alter the effective primitive cell bands projected out of supercell eigenstates via Brillouin zone unfolding. Two types of vacant primitive cells are of particular interest: Fully vacant, in which all atoms in a single cell are missing; and net fully vacant, in which the atoms comprising a full set for a single cell are missing from more than one cell. We find that a fully vacant primitive cell and a net fully vacant primitive cell have the same effect on the primitive cell bands. We show that the probability reduction for any primitive cell band is the same, regardless of band or wavevector in the primitive cell Brillouin zone, for both fully and net fully vacant primitive cells. We illustrate these results with a two-band model. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Physica B: Condensed Matter

Effective bandstructures from unfolding supercells with vacancies

A distance relay mal-operating during power swing has been very frequently attributed to triggering the events leading to a power system blackout. The existing methods rely on settings being proposed by the operators, which in turn are calculated from exhaustive offline simulation studies. Apart from being cumbersome, these methods are not adaptable to the changes in the power system. As such, the requirement of an algorithm to identify power swings based on local measurements and without settings cannot be emphasized enough. This paper examines the effectiveness of one such method to detect power swings based on continuous impedance measurements, and identifies the cases where the same is found to be lacking. Necessary modifications are suggested to make the algorithm overcome the identified shortcomings. The benefit of this method is that it employs a very simplistic approach in analyzing the locus of the impedance trajectory to identify power swings and the suggested improvements do not require any additional functional blocks to improve its effectiveness. The effectiveness of the suggested approach is validated on Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9-bus system. The results show improved performance in terms of power swing identification over wide range of swing frequency. © 2018 IEEE.

2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference, eTechNxT 2018

An improved setting-free power swing blocking scheme using local end information

This paper suggests a conceptual framework for dynamic stress assessment in power transmission system to support wide area early warning system (WAEWS). Two indices termed as 'relative center of reactive power voltage reference (RCORPVR) and relative center of active power speed reference (RCOAPSR) are introduced to access stress level of a power system. The suggested technique is validated on IEEE-39 bus test system. The proposed framework can be integrated with the existing energy management system (EMS). This will enhance overall situational awareness of the power system, which is very much essential to prevent cascaded outages leading to blackouts. © 2017 IEEE.

2017 14th IEEE India Council International Conference, INDICON 2017

Dynamic Stress Assessment in Power Transmission Network to Support Wide Area Early Warning System

This paper presents a decentralized-approach-based wide-area back-up protection scheme to identify the faulted line in a power transmission network. The proposed scheme divides the whole power system under study into different protection zones (PZs) corresponding to generator bus(es). Furthermore, a 'gain in momentum' (GIM) index at each generator bus is used to minimize the search set. This information helps in reducing the search space to the PZ corresponding to the generator bus with highest GIM following a fault. This area is termed as a vulnerable protection zone (VPZ). Once the VPZ is identified, positive-sequence voltage magnitudes of each bus within the VPZ are monitored to locate the bus closest to the fault (BCF). Finally, reactive power-flow information of each line connected to the BCF is used to identify the faulted line. The performance of the proposed scheme is extensively validated on the Western System Coordinating Council-9 bus system, the IEEE-39 bus New England system, and 246-bus North India Grid using the Power System Simulation for Engineering. The test results indicate that the proposed scheme is highly effective for the WABP of transmission lines. © 2007-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Systems Journal

A New Decentralized Approach to Wide-Area Back-Up Protection of Transmission Lines

This paper proposes a Front-end Matrix based Bidirectional Solid-State-Transformer (SST) for a nanogrid having both AC and DC power distribution networks. A single-phase Matrix-converter (MC) is used to convert the line-frequency grid voltage to High-Frequency AC (HFAC). The MC is modulated using a modified Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) scheme. The HFAC voltage is then fed to a Current-Doubler-Rectifier (CDR) to form a stiff Low-Voltage DC (LVDC) bus. A bidirectional-converter is used to facilitate energy interaction in between the AC and DC buses of the nanogrid. Simulation of the proposed SST scheme is performed and the results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis of the proposed topology with other relevant topologies is also presented. The proposed topology has comaparatively high reliability, exhibits high power density and superior input side power quality. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, PEDES 2018

A Matrix-Based Solid-State-Transformer for A Hybrid Nanogrid

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are emerging as a promising technology for high power conversion at high voltage levels. When frequency droop regulated MMC is used as a front-end converter to integrate wind farm into HVDC grid, variation in the fundamental operating frequency results in the change of circulating current harmonic frequencies. Due to this variation in harmonic frequencies, conventional time-domain based repetitive controller with fixed sampling frequency will fail to alleviate the circulating harmonic currents. In this paper, a spatial repetitive controller (SRC) based circulating current controller is proposed to effectively attenuate the harmonics in the circulating currents even under variable frequency operation of MMC, to improve its steady-state performance. SRC has a strong periodic disturbance rejection capability, therefore, can effectively alleviate the circulating harmonic currents and is independent of the fundamental AC line frequency of the MMC. A scaled-down laboratory prototype of a single phase, 5-level MMC is developed to experimentally validate the performance of the proposed control strategy. Experimental results are presented to substantiate the improvement in steady-state performance of the MMC with the proposed spatial repetitive based circulating current controller. © 2018 IEEE.

Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC

Spatial repetitive controller for improved steady state performance of droop regulated modular multilevel converter in wind farm application

In a distributed storage system, code symbols are dispersed across space in nodes or storage units as opposed to time. In settings such as that of a large data center, an important consideration is the efficient repair of a failed node. Efficient repair calls for erasure codes that in the face of node failure, are efficient in terms of minimizing the amount of repair data transferred over the network, the amount of data accessed at a helper node as well as the number of helper nodes contacted. Coding theory has evolved to handle these challenges by introducing two new classes of erasure codes, namely regenerating codes and locally recoverable codes as well as by coming up with novel ways to repair the ubiquitous Reed-Solomon code. This survey provides an overview of the efforts in this direction that have taken place over the past decade. © 2018, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Department of Data Science

Science China Information Sciences

Erasure coding for distributed storage: an overview

In the present work, tin oxide and Ag doped tin oxide thin films were fabricated using jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique and the photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were analyzed by studying the photodegradation of methylene blue dye under visible light. The rate constant value is 0.0254 and 0.0193 min(-1) for SnO2 and SnO2:Ag films, respectively. The results confirm that SnO2:Ag film exhibits better photocatalytic activity compared to SnO2 film. The XRD study shows that the film has tetragonal rutile structure of SnO2. The mechanism involved in the enhancement of the photocatalytic efficacy of the SnO2 film due to the addition of Ag is explained on the basis of photoluminescence, FESEM, AFM and optical studies.