Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

Regionalization of model parameters by developing appropriate functional relationship between the parameters and basin characteristics is one of the potential approaches to employ hydrological models in ungauged basins. While this is a widely accepted procedure, the uniqueness of the watersheds and the equifinality of parameters bring lot of uncertainty in the simulations in ungauged basins. This study proposes a method of regionalization based on the probability distribution function of model parameters, which accounts the variability in the catchment characteristics. It is envisaged that the probability distribution function represents the characteristics of the model parameter, and when regionalized the earlier concerns can be addressed appropriately. The method employs probability distribution of parameters, derived from gauged basins, to regionalize by regressing them against the catchment attributes. These regional functions are used to develop the parameter characteristics in ungauged basins based on the catchment attributes. The proposed method is illustrated using soil water assessment tool model for an ungauged basin prediction. For this numerical exercise, eight different watersheds spanning across different climatic settings in the USA are considered. While all the basins considered in this study were gauged, one of them was assumed to be ungauged (pseudo-ungauged) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in ungauged basin simulation. The process was repeated by considering representative basins from different climatic and landuse scenarios as pseudo-ungauged. The results of the study indicated that the ensemble simulations in the ungauged basins were closely matching with the observed streamflow. The simulation efficiency varied between 57 and 61 % in ungauged basins. The regional function was able to generate the parameter characteristics that were closely matching with the original probability distribution derived from observed streamflow data. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Department of Civil Engineering

World University root node

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment

Predictions in ungauged basins: an approach for regionalization of hydrological models considering the probability distribution of model parameters

A new flux splitting scheme based on wave-particle behaviour is developed for one-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamics. We exploit the idea that while ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations are non-convex with non-homogeneous fluxes as opposed to their hydrodynamic counterparts, they exhibit an overall wave-like structure. The proposed approach splits the flux vector into three distinct parts: the particle-like transport part and the wave-like pressure and magnetic parts, with the latter vanishing for pure hydrodynamics. The pressure part of the fluxes satisfy homogeneity property and the split flux Jacobians are constructed with a provision to regulate the numerical dissipation. The magnetic part of the fluxes however is non-homogeneous and is treated using a central scheme with artificial viscosity. This disparate treatment of the individual components of the total flux vector results in a scheme with a central-upwind character that can be implemented with low computational effort. Referred to as Magneto-acoustic Wave Particle Splitting (MWPS) scheme, it is extended to second-order accuracy by using slope limiters incorporated through the solution-dependent weighted least squares approach for gradient calculations. Several one-dimensional MHD problems are numerically solved to highlight the accuracy, positivity preservation and robustness of the MWPS scheme and comparative studies show that MWPS performs at least as well as the Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) and even outperforms it for some test cases. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Computational Physics

A novel second-order flux splitting for ideal magnetohydrodynamics

We study the slow quenching dynamics (characterized by an inverse rate τ-1) of a one-dimensional transverse Ising chain with nearest neighbor ferromagentic interactions across the quantum critical point (QCP) and analyze the Loschmidt overlap measured using the subsequent temporal evolution of the final wave function (reached at the end of the quenching) with the final time-independent Hamiltonian. Studying the Fisher zeros of the corresponding generalized "partition function," we probe nonanalyticities manifested in the rate function of the return probability known as dynamical phase transitions (DPTs). In contrast to the sudden quenching case, we show that DPTs survive in the subsequent temporal evolution following the quenching across two critical points of the model for a sufficiently slow rate; furthermore, an interesting "lobe" structure of Fisher zeros emerge. We have also made a connection to topological aspects studying the dynamical topological order parameter [νD(t)] as a function of time (t) measured from the instant when the quenching is complete. Remarkably, the time evolution of νD(t) exhibits drastically different behavior following quenches across a single QCP and two QCPs. In the former case, νD(t) increases stepwise by unity at every DPT (i.e., ΔνD=1). In the latter case, on the other hand, νD(t) essentially oscillates between 0 and 1 (i.e., successive DPTs occur with ΔνD=1 and ΔνD=-1, respectively), except for instants where it shows a sudden jump by a factor of unity when two successive DPTs carry a topological charge of the same sign. © 2016 American Physical Society.

Department of Physics

Fulltext

Physical Review B

Slow quenches in a quantum Ising chain: Dynamical phase transitions and topology

Treatment of {[}M-2(-Cl)(2)(cod)(2)] (M=Ir and Rh) with Na{[}H2B(bt)(2)] (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene and bt=2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl) at low temperature led to the formation of dimetallaheterocycles {[}(Mcod)(2)(bt)(2)], 1 and 2 (1: M=Ir and 2: M=Rh) and a borate complex {[}Rh(cod)\{(2)-S,S-H2B(bt)(2)\}], 3. Compounds 1 and 2 are structurally characterized metal analogues of 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Metal-metal bond distances of 3.6195(9)angstrom in 1 and 3.6749(9)angstrom in 2 are too long to consider as bonding. In an attempt to generate the Ru analogue of 1 and 2, that is {[}(Rucod)(2)(bt)(2)], we have carried out the reaction of {[}Ru(Cl)(2)(cod)(CH3CN)(2)] with Na{[}H2B(bt)(2)]. Interestingly, the reaction yielded agostic complexes {[}Ru(cod)L\{(3)-H,S,S-H2B(bt)(2)\}], 4 and 5 (4: L=Cl; 5: L=C7H4NS2). One of the key differences between 4 and 5 is the presence of different ancillary ligands at the metal center. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of 1 and 2 shows that there is four lone pairs of electrons on each metal center with a significant amount of d character. Furthermore, the electronic structures and the bonding of these complexes have been established on the ground of quantum-chemical calculations. All of the new compounds were characterized by IR, H-1, B-11, (CNMR)-C-13 spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Department of Chemistry

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

Reactivity of {[}M2(μ-Cl)2(cod)2] (M=Ir, Rh) and {[}Ru(Cl)2(cod)(CH3CN)2] with Na{[}H2B(bt)2]: Formation of Agostic versus Borate Complexes

We report herein, the usage of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) acetamide (BSA) and dicyclohexyl carbodimide (DCC) as two new catalysts for three component condensation of an aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea/thiourea under solvent free conditions at 100 degrees C to afford the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) in good to excellent yields. A comparative study of these two catalysts was made and presented. (C) 2012 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

Solvent free synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones/thiones catalyzed by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and dicyclohexyl carbodimide

Coordination-driven self-assembly of dinuclear half-sandwich p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru2(μ-η4-C2O4)(CH3OH)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (1a) and [Ru2(μ-η4-C6H2O4)(CH3OH)2(η6-p-cymene)2](O3SCF3)2 (1b) separately with imidazole-based tritopic donors (L1-L2) in methanol yielded a series of hexanuclear [3+2] trigonal prismatic cages (2-5), respectively [L1 = 1,3,5-tris(imidazole-1-yl)benzene; L2 = 4,4′,4″-tris(imidazole-1-yl)triphenylamine]. All the self-assembled cages 2-5 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (multinuclear NMR, Infra-red and ESI-MS) and their sizes, shapes were obtained through geometry optimization using molecular mechanics universal force field (MMUFF) computation. Despite the possibility due to the free rotation of donor sites of imidazole ligands, of two different atropoisomeric prismatic cages (C3h or Cs) and polymeric product, the self-selection of single (C3h) conformational isomeric cages as the only product is a noteworthy observation. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Inorganica Chimica Acta

Template-free coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete hexanuclear prismatic cages employing half-sandwich octahedral RuII2 acceptors and triimidazole donors

Inverter dead-Time, which is meant for safe commutation of devices is known to induce sub-harmonic oscillations in lightly-loaded induction motor drives operating in open-loop. This paper presents an experimental procedure to determine whether a given motor drive would exhibit such oscillations, and if yes, the region of such oscillatory behaviour. In particular, this paper presents case studies on oscillations on account of dead-Time in inverter-fed 5-HP and 10-HP induction motor drives. Experimental measurements are made at different fundamental frequencies and different flux levels (or V/f ratios) to identify if the motor drive exhibits oscillatory behaviour at these various operating points. The regions of oscillatory behaviour of the two motors under no-load are identified experimentally in terms of applied voltage and modulating frequency. A simple dead-Time compensation scheme is employed to mitigate these low-frequency oscillations. The experimental waveforms and corresponding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of the motor currents demonstrate the sub-harmonic oscillations and their mitigation. © 2016 IEEE.

Department of Electrical Engineering

2016 3rd International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems, ICEES 2016

Experimental case studies on dead-Time induced oscillation and its mitigation in 5-HP and 10-HP induction motor drives

We report MIS photodetectors fabricated on a SOI substrate in a CMOS-compatible process, exhibiting an enhanced responsivity in the near-infrared (NIR) due to the incorporation of Au-nanoantennas at the optical input port. These nanoantennas modify the propagation of the input optical signals, serving as an effective anti-reflection coating in the NIR wavelength range. The optimal antenna design and the photo-response enhancements have been calculated using detailed FDTD simulations. The maximum responsivity enhancement, 40%, was obtained at 780 nm, while at wavelengths shorter than 720 nm, responsivity is reduced due to absorption losses in the Au-nanoantennas. © 2016 IEEE.

Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference, NMDC 2016 - Conference Proceedings

Responsivity enhancement of MIS photodetectors on SOI substrates by plasmonic nanoantennas

A new capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) that gives a digital output proportional to the measurand kx, independent of its nominal capacitance, is reported in this paper. Various CDCs are available in the market, but their output is a function of the nominal value C0 of the sensor. Thus, a manual correction is required in the output, whenever a new capacitive sensor is interfaced to such CDCs. Moreover, the C0 of the sensors is usually a large value compared with the change in capacitance due to kx. Thus, in a typical CDC, a large percentage of the output counts/bits is used to measure and represent the C0 leading to an underutilization of the hardware as far as the measurement of kx is concerned. The proposed CDC uses a new automatic calibration (AC), employing a switched-capacitor (SC) circuit-based voltage source in a feedback topology, and provides an output independent of the C0 of the sensor employed. The proposed CDC is based on an SC dual-slope technique and possesses the advantages of the dual-slope conversion method. The CDC circuit is designed such that the entire full scale can be used for representing the change in the kx. In addition to this advantage, the AC helps to remove the dependence on the accuracy of the reference capacitor employed in the CDC. A detailed analysis of the effect of various sources of errors in the CDC has been conducted and presented in this paper. A prototype of the proposed CDC has been developed and tested. The results obtained show that the output of the CDC is not a function of the C0 (C0 varied from 60 pF to 1.46 nF) of the sensors interfaced. © 2015 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

An Easy-to-Interface CDC With an Efficient Automatic Calibration

The structural determination and manipulation of bottle-brush polymers, a class of polymers with serially grafted side-chains, is challenging due to the interplay of side-chain and backbone interactions over various length scales. The present work performs a detailed analysis, using molecular dynamics simulation techniques, to unravel these interactions by probing the distinct rod to a flexible real-chain with self-avoiding walk (SAW) type crossover in the backbone static structure factor. This analysis elucidates the deviation from flexible chain behavior, while also providing a quantitative measure of persistence length, lp. Significantly, the results identify a trend in lp which is consistent with the debated theoretical prediction of lp Ns 15/8, where Ns is the number of monomers in each side-chain of the bottle-brush polymer. (Figure presented.). © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim