Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

World University root node

Biological Sciences and Engineering

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Inhibition of programmed death 1 ligand 1 on dendritic cells enhances mycobacterium-mediated interferon γ (IFN-γ) production without modulating the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells

The folding-unfolding mechanism of a protein in a living cell is the result of its molecular response to various perturbations due to changes in the chemical environment such as pH, ion concentration, ligand binding and many other complex chemical reactions. In this letter, a theoretical scheme based on single molecule force spectroscopy experiments and related theories, has been followed to capture the effect of the change of pH for a slow protonation-coupled folding-unfolding process, and the free energy landscape has been quantified in terms of protonation numbers, barrier height and pH, following Kramer's barrier crossing formalism. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Department of Chemistry

Chemical Physics Letters

PH dependent protein stability: A quantitative approach based on Kramer's barrier escape

A novel mechanism is proposed for transistors that exploits the negative differential capacitance of piezoelectric gate barriers. Electric field induced electrostriction modulates the thickness of a piezoelectric barrier. Piezoelectricity and electrostriction in a compliant piezoelectric barrier combine to provide negative differential capacitance (NDC) with internal charge amplification. The effect of the NDC in the gate capacitor of a FET is to boost the on-current, and to provide an opportunity for switching steeper than the 60 mV/decade Boltzmann limit, both highly desirable. © 2014 IEEE.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM

Sub-60 mV/decade steep transistors with compliant piezoelectric gate barriers

This paper presents a frequency tunable 5-bit true-time-delay digital phase shifter using radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) technology. The phase shifter is based on the distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) concept utilizing a MEMS varactor. The main source of frequency tuning in this work is a bridge actuation mechanism followed by capacitance variation. Two stages of actuation mechanisms (push and pull) are used to achieve a 2:1 tuning ratio. Accurate control of the actuation voltage between the pull to push stages contributes differential phase shift over the band of interest. The functional behavior of the push-pull actuation over the phase shifter application is theoretically established, experimentally investigated and validated with simulation. The phase shifter is fabricated monolithically using a gold based surface micromachining process on an alumina substrate. The individual primary phase-bits (11.25°/22.5°/45°/90°/180°) that are the fundamental building blocks of the complete 5-bit phase shifter are designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized from 10-25 GHz for specific applications. Finally, the complete 5-bit phase shifter demonstrates an average phase error of 4.32°, 2.8°, 1° and 1.58°, an average insertion loss of 3.76, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.84 dB and an average return loss of 11.7, 12, 14 and 11.8 dB at 10, 12, 17.2 and 25 GHz, respectively. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported band tunable stand alone 5-bit phase shifter in the literature which can work over the large spectrum for different applications. The total area of the 5-bit phase shifter is 15.6 mm2. Furthermore, the cold-switched reliability of the unit cell and the complete 5-bit MEMS phase shifter are extensively investigated and presented. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering

10-25 GHz frequency reconfigurable MEMS 5-bit phase shifter using push-pull actuator based toggle mechanism

In recent years, automatic signal detection and modulation classification play a vital role in the field of cognitive radio applications. The majority of the existing signals detection and classification methods assume that the received signal is contaminated by additive white Gaussian noise. Under impulsive noise condition, the performance of the traditional modulation classification methods may be degraded. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the application of sparse signal decomposition using an overcomplete dictionary for detection and classification of digital modulation signals. The overcomplete hybrid dictionary consists of impulse waveform and sine and cosine waveform for effectively capturing morphological components of the impulse noise and deterministic modulated signals. The proposed modulation classification method includes the following steps: sparse signal decomposition (SSD) on hybrid dictionaries, modulated signal extraction, matched filtering, and maximum likelihood (ML) classification. The performance of the direct ML and SSD-based ML classification methods are tested and validated using different modulation techniques under different Gaussian and impulse noise conditions. The proposed system achieves a classification accuracy of 89 percent at 0 dB SNR and hence outperforms the direct ML method. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 21st National Conference on Communications, NCC 2015

Digital modulation classification under non-Gaussian noise using sparse signal decomposition and maximum likelihood

Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature can be estimated using appropriate retrieval algorithms based on radiometric measurements and atmospheric statistics. Radiometric measurements at multiple frequencies contribute information to profile retrieval, although at some frequencies the information they provide can be highly correlated with that at other frequencies due to similar sensitivities to changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio as a function of altitude. The goal for profile retrieval is to obtain as many independent measurements as possible, both to maximize the vertical resolution and to minimize the retrieval error of the profile. The goal of this study is to determine sets of frequencies in the range from 10 to 200 GHz that provide the largest amount of mutually independent information on water vapor and temperature profiles from ground and airborne instruments for clear sky measurements. Results of such a study are important and useful for frequency selection and design of microwave and millimeter-wave radiometers for humidity and temperature profiling. A branch and bound feature selection algorithm has been used to determine sets of frequencies between 10 and 200 GHz that have the greatest number of degrees of freedom (DOF) for water vapor and temperature retrieval. In general, it has been found that the frequency ranges of 20-23, 85-90, and 165-200 GHz are useful for water vapor profile retrieval, whereas the frequency ranges of 55-65 and 116-120 GHz are useful for temperature profile retrieval. Finally, an analysis has been performed to determine the impact of measurement uncertainty on the number of DOF of measurement and also on the vertical resolution. It was also found that vertical resolution is directly related to the number of DOF. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

Fulltext

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Radiometric information content for water vapor and temperature profiling in clear skies between 10 and 200 GHz

Inverter dead-time, which is meant to prevent shoot-through fault, causes harmonic distortion and change in the fundamental voltage in the inverter output. Typical dead-time compensation schemes ensure that the amplitude of the fundamental output current is as desired, and also improve the current waveform quality significantly. However, even with compensation, the motor line current waveform is observed to be distorted close to the current zero-crossings. The IGBT switching transition times being significantly longer at low currents than at high currents is an important reason for this zero-crossover distortion. Hence, this paper proposes an improved dead-time compensation scheme, which makes use of the measured IGBT switching transition times at low currents. Measured line current waveforms in a 2.2 kW induction motor drive with the proposed compensation scheme are compared against those with the conventional dead-time compensation scheme and without dead-time compensation. The experimental results on the motor drive clearly demonstrate the improvement in the line current waveform quality with the proposed method. © 2014 IEEE.

India International Conference on Power Electronics, IICPE

An improved dead-time compensation scheme for voltage source inverters considering the device switching transition times

This paper develops the equations of motion in the reduced space for the wheeled inverted pendulum, which is an underactuated mechanical system subject to nonholonomic constraints. The equations are derived from the Lagrange-d'Alembert principle using variations consistent with the constraints. The equations are first derived in the shape space, and then, a coordinate transformation is performed to get the equations of motion in more suitable coordinates for the purpose of control. © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Reduced equations of motion for a wheeled inverted pendulum

Department of Civil Engineering

Structural Assessment of "D" Regions Affected by Premature Concrete Deterioration: Technical Report

High-performance computing has facilitated development of biomass production models that capture the key mechanisms underlying production at high spatial and temporal resolution. Direct responses to increasing [CO2] and temperature are important to long-lived emerging woody bioenergy crops. Fast-growing willow (Salix spp.) within short rotation coppice (SRC) has considerable potential as a renewable biomass source, but performance over wider environmental conditions and under climate change is uncertain. We extended the bioenergy crop modeling platform, BioCro, to SRC willow by adding coppicing and C3 photosynthesis subroutines, and modifying subroutines for perennation, allocation, morphology, phenology and development. Parameterization with measurements of leaf photosynthesis, allocation and phenology gave agreement of modeled with measured yield across 23 sites in Europe and North America. Predictions for the continental USA suggest yields of ≥17Mgha-1year-1 in a 4 year rotation. Rising temperature decreased predicted yields, an effect partially ameliorated by rising [CO2]. This model, based on over 100 equations describing the physiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying production, provides a new framework for utilizing mechanism of plant responses to the environment, including future climates. As an open-source tool, it is made available here as a community resource for further application, improvement and adaptation. Willows in short rotation coppicing are emerging as major sustainable feedstocks for bioenergy. As long-lived C3 crops, they will experience significant global change. Within the BioCro framework we have developed a new model for this crop that captures the key mechanisms of response to rising atmospheric CO2, temperature and precipitation to predict yield and yield stability across the USA. The model, is mechanistically rich and based on over 100 equations describing the physiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying production. It showed a good ability to predict recorded yields at a range of sites in Europe and N. America given soil and climate data. High yields, exceeding those of the perennial C4 grass feedstocks Miscanthus and switchgrass were predicted across much of the north-east USA, reaching &gt;17 Mt ha-1 yr-1 at the best locations. Rising temperatures over this century decreased yields, an effect partially ameliorated by rising [CO2]. Using the BioCro framework, common to other perennial feedstocks, avoids confounding biological differences in species comparisons with differences in model structure and model assumptions. As an open-source tool, it is made available here as a community resource for further application, improvement, and adaptation. © 2015 The Authors. Plant, Cell & Environment published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.