Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

&nbsp;

IIT Palakkad

Development of a sensitive, specific and cost-effective DNA detection method is motivated by increasing demand for the early stage diagnosis of genetic diseases. Recent developments in the design and fabrication of efficient sensor platforms based on nanostructures make the highly sensitive sensors which could indicate very low detection limit to the level of few molecules, a realistic possibility. Electrochemical detection methods are widely used in DNA diagnostics as it provide simple, accurate and inexpensive platform for DNA detection. In addition, the electrochemical DNA sensors provide direct electronic signal without the use of expensive signal transduction equipment and facilitates the immobilization of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe sequences on a wide variety of electrode substrates. It has been found that a range of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon based nanomaterials, quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles and polymeric NPs have been introduced in the sensor design to enhance the sensing performance of electrochemical DNA sensor. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the design and fabrication of efficient electrochemical genosensors based on carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide and nanodiamonds.

Biological Sciences and Engineering

World University root node

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

Carbon nanostructures as immobilization platform for DNA: A review on current progress in electrochemical DNA sensors

This work presents a radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) based single-pole-nine-throw (SP9T) switch integrated with an antenna at 60 GHz. The device is fabricated on 635 μm alumina substrate using surface micromachining process. SP9T switch features a simulated return loss of &gt; 14 dB, isolation of &gt; 16 dB and insertion loss of ≤ 0.41 dB over the frequency band of 55-65 GHz. Total area of the SP9T switch is 0.75 mm2. The proposed work is a preliminary prototype for the proof of concept of antenna sectoring at 60 GHz for ISM applications. To validate the principle of operation, a single patch antenna element is incorporated with one of the RF output port of MEMS SP9T switch. The integrated antenna exhibits a simulated return loss of 30 dB, and 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4.17 % at 60 GHz. Also, a simulated gain of 6.75 dB is achieved, when switch is in actuated state. Total area of the device is ∼ 5.45 mm2. Fabricated device is also presented in the paper. © 2017 IEEE.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering

Surface micromachined RF MEMS SP9T switch for 60 GHz ISM band antenna sectoring applications

This work presents a two element antenna array using radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) based high isolation single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch at 60 GHz ISM band. The device is fabricated on 635 μm alumina substrate using surface micromachining process. SPDT switch features a measured return loss of &gt; 15 dB, insertion loss of &lt; 2.8 dB and isolation of &gt; 24.6 dB over the frequency band of 55-65 GHz. Total area of the SPDT switch is 2.12 mm2. To accomplish beam switching for routing applications, two patch antenna elements are monolithically integrated with the MEMS SPDT switch. Fabricated switched beam antenna exhibits a measured return loss of &gt; 25 dB, and 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4.2 % at 60 GHz with 66 V of bias voltage. Total area of the device is ∼ 25 mm2. © 2016 IEEE.

Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC

High isolation RF MEMS SPDT switch for 60 GHz ISM band antenna routing applications

arXiv e-prints, arXiv: 1711.

A Family of Constrained Adaptive filtering Algorithms Based on Logarithmic Cost

In this paper, a new digitizer, which accurately provides the values of the change in the capacitor Cx and resistor Rx of a parallel R-C sensor, is presented. Conventional measurement schemes for parallel R-C sensors require a precision sinusoidal excitation, followed by a signal conditioner, a demodulator and an ADC. This increases the cost and complexity of the scheme. Hence, a dc excitation and an ADC modified to measure Rx and Cx directly is preferred, by the design engineers. But, such a scheme has not been reported. Another challenge is the low-modulation nature of such sensors, i.e., the change in resistance ΔR and capacitance ΔC can be very small compared with the nominal values R0 and C0 of the sensor. This introduces a large offset in the digital output, leading to an inefficient conversion. The proposed digitizer employs a dc excitation and provides accurate digital values of change ΔR in Rx and ΔC in Cx of the sensor. The digitizer employs a simple, but effective automatic calibration, with the help of an improved switched capacitor controlled voltage and obtains an output independent of the nominal values (R0 and C0) of the sensor leading to an efficient conversion compared with the existing schemes. A detailed analysis of the sources of errors affecting the output of the digitizer has been conducted. A prototype of the proposed digitizer has been developed and tested in the laboratory for a wide range of R0 and C0. The results show that the output of the proposed digitizer is independent of the R0 and C0 and can accurately measure the ΔR and ΔC without any cross-sensitivity. © 2017 IEEE.

IEEE Sensors Journal

A Switched-Capacitor Circuit-Based Digitizer for Efficient Interfacing of Parallel R-C Sensors

Ground-based microwave measurements performed at water vapor and oxygen absorption line frequencies are widely used for remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor density and temperature profiles, respectively. Recent work has shown that Bayesian optimal estimation can be used for improving accuracy of radiometer retrieved water vapor and temperature profiles. This paper focuses on using Bayesian optimal estimation along with time series of independent frequency measurements at K-and V-bands. The measurements are used along with statistically significant but short background data sets to retrieve and sense temporal variations and gradients in water vapor and temperature profiles. To study this capability, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) deployed a microwave radiometer at Mahabubnagar, Telangana, during August 2011 as part of the Integrated Ground Campaign during the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX-IGOC). In this study, temperature profiles for the first time have been estimated using short but statistically significant background information so as to improve the accuracy of the retrieved profiles as well as to be able to detect gradients. Estimated water vapor and temperature profiles are compared with those taken from the reanalysis data updated by the Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to determine the range of possible errors. Similarly, root mean square errors are evaluated for a month for water vapor and temperature profiles to estimate the accuracy of the retrievals. It is found that water vapor and temperature profiles can be estimated with an acceptable accuracy by using a background information data set compiled over a period of 1 month. © 2017 The Author(s).

Fulltext

Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems

Time series analysis of ground-based microwave measurements at K-and V-bands to detect temporal changes in water vapor and temperature profiles

We report metal-insulator-semiconductor photodetectors fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, exhibiting an enhanced responsivity in the near-infrared due to the incorporation of Au-nanoantennas at the optical input port. The optimal antenna design and the photoresponse enhancements have been calculated using detailed finite-difference time-domain simulations. These nanoantennas modify the propagation of the input optical signals. In this regime, strong plasmonic local field enhancements are observed. The maximum responsivity enhancement, 40%, was obtained at 780 nm; while at wavelengths shorter than 720 nm, the responsivity is reduced due to absorption losses in the Au-nanoantennas. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology

Responsivity Enhancement of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Photodetectors on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates by Plasmonic Nanoantennas

This article presents a novel approach of state filtering scheme and the sensor scheduling co-design for cyber-physical systems subject to random deception attacks. Such cyber attacks are switching disturbances that affect the input information transmitted from the controller to the plant through a constrained communication network. The cyber-physical system dynamics can be modelled as an augmented state model, while the unknown input reconstruction is obtained from a modified Kalman filter recursions under communication constraints. To deal with limited bandwidth constraint, a periodic sensor scheduling strategy is proposed in order to ensure the minimization of disturbances and cyber-attack effects. © 2016 The Franklin Institute

Journal of the Franklin Institute

Medium access scheduling for input reconstruction under deception attacks

In this paper, we propose a novel signal quality-aware Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) telemetry system for continuous cardiac health monitoring applications. The proposed quality-aware ECG monitoring system consists of three modules: 1) ECG signal sensing module; 2) automated signal quality assessment (SQA) module; and 3) signal-quality aware (SQAw) ECG analysis and transmission module. The main objectives of this paper are: design and development of a light-weight ECG SQA method for automatically classifying the acquired ECG signal into acceptable or unacceptable class and real-time implementation of proposed IoT-enabled ECG monitoring framework using ECG sensors, Arduino, Android phone, Bluetooth, and cloud server. The proposed framework is tested and validated using the ECG signals taken from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia and Physionet challenge databases and the real-time recorded ECG signals under different physical activities. Experimental results show that the proposed SQA method achieves promising results in identifying the unacceptable quality of ECG signals and outperforms existing methods based on the morphological and RR interval features and machine learning approaches. This paper further shows that the transmission of acceptable quality of ECG signals can significantly improve the battery lifetime of IoT-enabled devices. The proposed quality-aware IoT paradigm has great potential for assessing clinical acceptability of ECG signals in improvement of accuracy and reliability of unsupervised diagnosis system.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Real-time signal quality-aware ECG telemetry system for IoT-based health care monitoring

In this paper, we study the impact of locality on the decoding of binary cyclic codes under two approaches, namely ordered statistics decoding (OSD) and trellis decoding. Given a binary cyclic code having locality or availability, we suitably modify the OSD to obtain gains in terms of Signal-To-Noise ratio, for a given reliability and essentially the same level of decoder complexity. With regard to trellis decoding, we show that careful introduction of locality results in the creation of cyclic subcodes having lower maximum state complexity. We also present a simple upper-bounding technique on the state complexity profile, based on the zeros of the code. Finally, it is shown how the decoding speed can significantly be increased in the presence of locality, in the moderate-to-high SNR regime, by making use of a quick-look decoder that often returns the ML codeword. © 2017 IEEE.