Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

World University root node

Biological Sciences and Engineering

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Myeloid dendritic cell dysfunction during primary HIV-1 infection is independent of interaction with GP120

Microorganisms are often covered by a proteinaceous surface layer that serves as a sieve for external molecular influx, as a shield to protect microbes from external aggression, or as an aid to help microbial dispersion. In bacteria, the latter is called the S-layer, in Actinomycetes, the rod-like fibrillar layer, and in fungi, the rodlet layer {[}1]. The self-assembly properties and remarkable structural and physicochemical characteristics of hydrophobin proteins underlie the multiple roles played by these unique proteins in fungal biology.

Fulltext

PLoS Pathogens

Hydrophobins-unique fungal proteins

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology

Impact of gp120 on dendritic cell-derived chemokines: Relevance for the efficacy of gp120-based vaccines for HIV-1

Nature

Government: More credit due to India's scientists

We consider the existence of multiple positive solutions to the steady state reaction diffusion equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions of the form: {-u″=λ[u-u2/K-cu2/1+ u2-∈], x ∈ (0,1) u(0)=0=u(1). Here 1/λ is the diffusion coefficient and K, c and are positive constants. This model describes the steady states of a logistic growth model with grazing and constant yield harvesting in a spatially homogeneous ecosystem. It also describes the dynamics of the fish population with natural predation and constant yield harvesting. In this paper, we discuss the occurrence of a Σ-shaped bifurcation diagram for positive solutions. In particular, for certain parameter values of c,K, ∈ and the diffusion coefficient, we prove the existence of at least four positive solutions. We prove our results by the quadrature method. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, author_keywords={Σ-shaped bifurcation curves; Ecological systems; Grazing and constant yield harvesting}, keywords={Bifurcation curves; Bifurcation diagram; Dirichlet boundary condition; Ecological models; Ecological systems; Fish populations; Grazing and constant yield harvesting; Logistic growth model; Multiple positive solutions; Parameter values; Positive constant; Positive solution; Quadrature methods; Steady state; Steady state reactions, Boundary conditions; Diffusion; Ecology; Equations of state; Fisheries; Harvesting; Partial differential equations; Potassium, Bifurcation (mathematics)}, references={Causey, R., Sasi, S., Shivaji, R., An ecological model with grazing and constant yield harvesting (2010) Bull. Belg. Math. Soc., 17 (5), pp. 833-839; Lee, E., Sasi, S., Shivaji, R., S-shaped bifurcation curves in ecosystems (2011) J. Math. Anal. Appl., , 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.03.048; May, R.M., Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states (1977) Nature, 269, pp. 471-477; Noy-Meir, I., Stability of grazing systems an application of predatorprey graphs (1975) J. Ecol., 63, pp. 459-482; Oruganti, S., Shi, J., Shivaji, R., Diffusive equations with constant yield harvesting, I: Steady states (2002) Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 354, pp. 3601-3619; Steele, J.H., Henderson, E.W., Modeling long-term fluctuations in fish stocks (1984) Science, 224 (4652), pp. 985-987; Brauer, F., Castillo-Chavez, C., (2001) Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology, 40. , Texts in Applied Mathematics Springer-Verlag New York; Clark, C.W., (1990) Mathematical Bioeconomics, the Optimal Management of Renewable Resources, , John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York; Brown, K.J., Ibrahim, M.M.A., Shivaji, R., S-shaped bifurcation curves (1981) Nonlinear Anal. TMA, 5 (5), pp. 475-486; Laetsch, T., The number of solutions of a nonlinear two point boundary value problem (1970) Indiana Univ. Math. J., 20 (1), pp. 1-13; Jiang, J., Shi, J., Bistability dynamics in some structured ecological models (2009) Spatial Ecology, pp. 33-62. , R.S. Cantrell, C. Cosner, S. Ruan, Chapman & Hall, CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology}, correspondence_address1={Shivaji, R.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, , Greensboro, NC 27412, United States; email: shivaji@uncg.edu}, issn={14681218}, language={English}, abbrev_source_title={Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl.}, document_type={Article}, source={Scopus},

Department of Mathematics

Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications

An ecological model with a Σ-shaped bifurcation curve

Irrigation reuse of municipal effluents conserves freshwater resources and avoids direct nutrient discharges to surface waters. The sustainability of agricultural reuse programs, however, may be challenged by evolving phosphorus (P)-based nutrient management policies. This paper assesses the agricultural and environmental implications of soil P accumulation from effluent irrigation and discusses sustainability under guidelines to control P export in agricultural runoff and drainage. For typical regulatory maximum irrigation rates (5.1-cm-wk-1), secondary effluents containing 3-4-mg-P-L-1 provide ∼90-kg-P-ha-1-yr-1 and cause soil P enrichment beyond levels needed for optimum crop yields. Applied P potentially falls short of crop needs for advanced wastewater treatment processes with low (<0.5-mg-L-1) effluent P or where hydraulic rates are restricted by soil, climatic, or regulatory conditions. Except for some locations where well-drained low P-retention soils overlie shallow groundwater, effluent-irrigated P has minimal impact on water quality. Most site assessment tools (P indices) were developed to identify fields with high P loss vulnerability from manure and commercial fertilizer application and do not explicitly address effluent-applied P. Adoption of P-management regulations not accounting for the differential behavior of P in effluent-irrigated fields may unnecessarily restrict agricultural irrigation of reclaimed water. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Engineering Centre (ESSENCE)

Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States)

Phosphorus management for sustainable agricultural irrigation of reclaimed water

We study the existence of positive solutions to the singular problem (eqution presented) where λ is a positive parameter, Δpu = div(Ι▽uΙp-2▽u), p &gt; 1, Ω is a bounded domain in ℝn; n ≥ 1 with smooth boundary ∂ Ω, 0 &lt; α &lt; 1, and f : [0;∞) → ℝ is a continuous function which is asymptotically p-linear at 1. We prove the existence of positive solutions for a certain range of λ using the method of sub-supersolutions. We also extend our study to classes of systems which have forcing terms satisfying a combined asymptotically p-linear condition at ∞ and to corresponding problems on exterior domains.

Differential and Integral Equations

Infinite semipositone problems with asymptotically linear growth forcing terms

We study theoretically and experimentally the frequency and temperature dependences of resistivity noise in semiconductor heterostructures δ-doped by Mn. The resistivity noise is observed to be nonmonotonous as a function of frequency. As a function of temperature, the noise increases by two orders of magnitude for a resistivity increase of about 50%. We study two possible sources of resistivity noise, dynamic spin fluctuations and charge fluctuations, and find that dynamic spin fluctuations are more relevant for the observed noise data. The frequency and temperature dependences of resistivity noise provide important information on the nature of the magnetic interactions. In particular, we show how noise measurements can help resolve a long-standing debate on whether the Mn-doped GaAs is a p-d Zener/Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) or double-exchange ferromagnet. Our analysis includes the effect of different kinds of disorder such as spin-glass type of interactions and a site-dilution type of disorder. We find that the resistivity noise in these structures is well described by a disordered RKKY ferromagnet model dynamics with a conserved order parameter. © 2012 American Physical Society.

Department of Physics

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Noise studies of magnetization dynamics in dilute magnetic semiconductor heterostructures

A rainbow colouring of a connected graph is a colouring of the edges of the graph, such that every pair of vertices is connected by at least one path in which no two edges are coloured the same. Such a colouring using minimum possible number of colours is called an optimal rainbow colouring, and the minimum number of colours required is called the rainbow connection number of the graph. A Chordal Graph is a graph in which every cycle of length more than 3 has a chord. A Split Graph is a chordal graph whose vertices can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. A threshold graph is a split graph in which the neighbourhoods of the independent set vertices form a linear order under set inclusion. In this article, we show the following: 1. The problem of deciding whether a graph can be rainbow coloured using 3 colours remains NP-complete even when restricted to the class of split graphs. However, any split graph can be rainbow coloured in linear time using at most one more colour than the optimum. 2. For every integer k ≥ 3, the problem of deciding whether a graph can be rainbow coloured using k colours remains NP-complete even when restricted to the class of chordal graphs. 3. For every positive integer k, threshold graphs with rainbow connection number k can be characterised based on their degree sequence alone. Further, we can optimally rainbow colour a threshold graph in linear time. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Rainbow colouring of split and threshold graphs

The rainbow connection number of a connected graph is the minimum number of colors needed to color its edges, so that every pair of its vertices is connected by at least one path in which no two edges are colored the same. In this article we show that for every connected graph on n vertices with minimum degree δ, the rainbow connection number is upper bounded by 3n/(δ + 1) + 3. This solves an open problem from Schiermeyer (Combinatorial Algorithms, Springer, Berlin/Hiedelberg, 2009, pp. 432-437), improving the previously best known bound of 20n/δ (J Graph Theory 63 (2010), 185-191). This bound is tight up to additive factors by a construction mentioned in Caro et al. (Electr J Combin 15(R57) (2008), 1). As an intermediate step we obtain an upper bound of 3n/(δ + 1) - 2 on the size of a connected two-step dominating set in a connected graph of order n and minimum degree δ. This bound is tight up to an additive constant of 2. This result may be of independent interest. We also show that for every connected graph G with minimum degree at least 2, the rainbow connection number, rc(G), is upper bounded by c(G) + 2, where c(G) is the connected domination number of G. Bounds of the form diameter(G)&gt;rc(G)&gt;diameter(G) + c, 1&gt;c&gt;4, for many special graph classes follow as easy corollaries from this result. This includes interval graphs, asteroidal triple-free graphs, circular arc graphs, threshold graphs, and chain graphs all with minimum degree at least 2 and connected. We also show that every bridge-less chordal graph G has rc(G)&gt;3̇radius(G). In most of these cases, we also demonstrate the tightness of the bounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.