Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

&nbsp;

IIT Palakkad

World University root node

Department of Mechanical Engineering

8th international and 29th national all India manufacturing technology {\ldots}

Comparative study on the analytical models for the workpiece temperature distribution during laser assisted machining

Micro Electro-Fabrication

Trends in electrical discharge machining of Ti-and Ni-based superalloys: Macro-micro-compound arc/spark/melt process

Herein, we report on selectivity control in C-H activations with alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) for the chemo-selective assembly of cyclopropanes or dienes. Thus, unprecedented rhodaelectro-catalyzed C-H activations were realized with diversely decorated ACPs with a wide substrate scope and electricity as the sole oxidant. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.

Department of Chemistry

Fulltext

Chemical Communications

Rhodaelectro-catalyzed chemo-divergent C-H activations with alkylidenecyclopropanes for selective cyclopropylations

C–H phosphorylation was achieved by Earth-abundant nickel catalysts with waste-free electricity as the redox surrogate. The robust nickela-electrooxidative C–H activation of arenes, heteroarenes, and olefins with diverse phosphonating reagents successfully delivered arylphosphonates, phenylphosphine oxides, and diazaphospholidine oxides of relevance to bioactive compounds and materials. The guanidine-assisted electrooxidative C–P formation avoided chemical oxidants with molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct. Catalytically relevant nickel(II) and nickel(III) intermediates were isolated and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Catalytically relevant nickel complexes were observed by in operando high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) monitoring. Cyclic voltammetry analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided strong evidence for a nickel(III/IV/II) manifold. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Chem

Electrocatalytic C–H phosphorylation through nickel(III/IV/II) catalysis

An improved response function (IRF) based stochastic element free Galerkin method (SEFGM) is proposed for the stochastic bending analysis of laterally loaded thin plates. Young's modulus is considered as uncertain and its spatial variation is modelled as a homogeneous normal random field. Shape function method is used for random field discretization. In IRF method, the total displacement response is represented as the sum of a deterministic part and a stochastic part. The stochastic part is called as IRF and it is a function of the discretized set of random variables. Stochastic stiffness matrix is approximated using Taylor series expansion. A simplified expression for IRF in terms of stiffness derivatives and random variables is derived from the equilibrium considerations of system of stochastic equations. Direct simulations on the IRF combined with deterministic part of response can give the probabilistic characteristics of response quantities. The response characteristics of the plates obtained using the proposed method are compared with those obtained using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). An ad-hoc response function (ARF) and second order perturbation (SOP) based SEFGM are also used for comparing the results. Square thin plates with two different boundary conditions are solved as the numerical examples. Kirchhoff-Love assumptions and plane stress conditions are considered. The deterministic EFGM used for bending analysis of plates calculates the out of plane deformations and rotations at various points. The probabilistic characteristics of these quantities are measured using the proposed IRF based SEFGM. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the capability of the proposed method in response moment calculations at various coefficients of variation (CV) and correlation length parameters of input random field. The response moments determined using the proposed method are found to be in good agreement with those obtained using MCS even at a CV of 30%. It is found that the proposed method can calculate the response moments accurately, regardless of the correlation length parameters of the input random field. These are attributed to the fact that the proposed IRF method considers the complete displacement response without any approximation. The probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of response quantities of plates calculated using the proposed method are observed to be comparable with those obtained using MCS. From a study on normalized computational times, the proposed IRF method is found to be computationally more efficient compared to MCS. In the proposed method, the stiffness derivatives and deterministic part of the displacement response are calculated outside the simulation loop. This along with the use of discretized set of random variables inside the simulation loop, calculates the IRF and hence the response statistics, that makes the method computationally more efficient compared to MCS. Copyright © 2021 by ASME

Department of Civil Engineering

ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE)

AN IMPROVED RESPONSE FUNCTION BASED STOCHASTIC MESHLESS METHOD FOR BENDING ANALYSIS OF THIN PLATES

Expansive soil which is found in several parts of India possesses high swelling and shrinkage properties. The volume change and uplift pressure generated in these soil deposits cause severe damage to the lightweight structures and pavements. In order to mitigate the problems associated with expansive soils, it is necessary to stabilize this soil. Among all the stabilization techniques, lime treatment is one of the best suitable methods for expansive soils. In the present study, lime stabilization technique is used to improve the engineering properties of black cotton soil including the resilient modulus value, which is important for mechanistic flexible pavement design. Optimum amount of lime required for stabilization was determined using Atterberg’s limits. Considerable increment was observed in unconfined compressive strength values and California bearing ratio values of black cotton soil stabilized with 6% lime. Repeated load triaxial tests under different confining pressures and deviatoric stress levels were conducted on the treated samples in order to determine the resilient modulus. The effect of curing period and moisture content on the resilient modulus was investigated. In order to study the durability of lime stabilized clayey subgrade soil, the effect of wetting and drying cycles on the engineering properties of the treated material was examined. The results show that the strength and stiffness characteristics of lime treated clay have considerably reduced after five wetting and drying cycles. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Strength and Durability Characteristic of Lime Stabilized Black Cotton Soil

Being a challenge to deal with structural foundations in soft clays, several techniques were promulgated across the world. This paper presents the load–settlement behaviour of soft clay provided with soil-cement columns in test tanks. Based on the experimental work performed on 10% cement mixed single clay column resting on hard stratum simulating end bearing condition, it is revealed that load-carrying capacity of clay bed increased by 3–4 times that of virgin clay. Also, the load-carrying capacity of clay bed increased 5–7 times that of virgin clay with the group of three columns arranged in triangular pattern with centre to centre spacing of two times the diameter of column. Group capacity of soil-cement column is 1.5–2 times of single column which is not multiplicative of single column. UCC tests were carried to find out the optimum fibre content by varying the fibre content from 0 to 3%. From UCC test, it is observed that 2% fibre content is suitable for the present study considering the strength improvement and ease of mixing. It is observed from the tests that with the addition of 2% fibre in soil-cement column, load-carrying capacity of clay bed increased by 5.5–7.5 times when tested with group of columns. There is 10–20% increase in ultimate load-carrying capacity of soil-cement column after addition of fibre and the mode of failure of columns changed from brittle to bulging failure. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Improvement of Soft Clay Bed Using Fibre-Reinforced Soil-Cement Columns

Use of industrial by-products to improve subgrade soils in flexible pavements is gaining popularity as a sustainable construction practice. Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a by-product of acetylene gas industry. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the influence of calcium carbide residue in improving the performance of clayey subgrade soils. The improvement in resilient modulus of two clayey soils (with low plasticity and high plasticity) with the addition of calcium carbide residue is studied by carrying out repeated load triaxial tests. The influence of variation in moisture content on the repeated loading behaviour of virgin soils and CCR stabilized soils is examined. Two regression models (Universal and NCHRP model) reported in literature are found to exhibit very good fit with the experimental data. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

Resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils treated with calcium carbide residue

Deep hole drilling is a technique used for producing holes in materials at high depth to diameter (L/D > 10) ratios. Applications demanding deep holes can be extensively found in aerospace, automotive, marine and oil & gas industries. Conventional drilling techniques such as twist drilling and gun drilling are commonly used for drilling deep holes in the aforementioned applications. However, these methods can cause problems of rapid tool degradation, chip clogging, premature tool failure and undesirable sub-surface alterations to the hole surface. Moreover, these problems get aggravated when the material is difficult-to-cut (Ni/Fe/Co based superalloys) in nature. Therefore, non-conventional machining process finds scope in order to overcome the problems associated with conventional drilling. Electrical discharge drilling (EDD) can be used for fabricating dimensionally accurate holes irrespective of hardness of the material. Nevertheless, the inefficiency in flushing of debris particles at higher depths and its subsequent accumulation is a critical challenge during EDM deep hole drilling. The reason behind flushing inefficiency based on fluid physics has not been completely explored by researchers yet. In this paper, the flow behaviour of micro debris particles in the flushing channel during EDD has been analysed using CFD simulation by employing discrete phase modelling (DPM). The developed model set up is also validated with a benchmark fluid mechanics problem. The steady state CFD analysis results show the formation of multiple recirculation zones in the flushing channel. This can be attributed to the adverse pressure gradient experienced when the dielectric fluid passes from the machining gap to annular gap. Moreover, the presence of recirculation zones reduces the flow momentum and thereby debris particle velocity. This leads to accumulation of micro debris particles in the recirculation zones over time. The results also show that the trajectory of the particles is dependent on the size of the particles generated during material removal. The outcomes of numerical analysis in the present paper can serve as a foundation for the future studies in improving the performance of EDM deep hole drilling. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

Procedia CIRP

Effect of recirculation zone on debris evacuation during EDM deep hole drilling

The main result in this paper is a new lower bound to the eternal vertex cover number (evc number) of an arbitrary graph G in terms of the size of the smallest vertex cover in G that includes all the cut vertices of G. As a consequence, we obtain a quadratic complexity algorithm for finding the evc number of any chordal graph. Another consequence is a polynomial time approximation scheme for finding the evc number of internally triangulated planar graphs, for which exact determination of evc number is known to be NP-hard (Babu et al. in Discrete Appl Math, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2021.02.004). The lower bound is proven by considering a decomposition of the graph into a collection of edge disjoint induced subgraphs, and deriving a lower bound for the evc number of the whole graph in terms of bounds obtained for the subgraphs. As another consequence of the bounding technique, we obtain a construction of a family of biconnected bipartite graphs such that for any ϵ> 0 , there exists a graph in the family such that the ratio of its evc number to the size of its minimum vertex cover exceeds 2 - ϵ. This construction is asymptotically optimal, as it is known (Klostermeyer and Mynhardt in Aust J Comb 45:235–250, 2009) that this ratio has to be strictly less than 2 for biconnected graphs. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.