Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad&nbsp;(IIT Palakkad or IIT PKD) is a public autonomous&nbsp;engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;institute located in&nbsp;Palakkad,&nbsp;Kerala. It was&nbsp;one of the five new&nbsp;IITs&nbsp;proposed in the&nbsp;2014 Union budget of India. The campus was inaugurated on 3 August 2015. The institute has 94 faculty, 978 students, and 63 non-teaching staffs.

IT Palakkad currently offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) and two years MS programmes in 8 different engineering disciplines including&nbsp;Computer Science, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil among others.

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IIT Palakkad

This paper studies the improvement in machining performance by implementing a hybrid coolant approach for the machining of difficult-to-machine Inconel 625 superalloy. This study differs from the pre-existing hybrid cooling methods by using a novel modified tool holder for the supply of cryogenic coolant. An external nozzle is also involved as part of the coolant system to provide MQL spray to the cutting zone in hybrid cooling. Turning experiments using MQL, cryogenic cooling with an external nozzle, cryogenic cooling with a modified tool holder and hybrid cryo-MQL cooling were performed at different parameter levels to analyze the machining performance of the proposed new cooling technique. The results show that a maximum reduction of 30.52%, 63.67%, and 43.27% was observed for surface roughness, tool wear, and cutting forces using the hybrid cooling technique. The tool wear types and mechanisms underlying the wear formation when using various techniques for cooling are studied using SEM imaging of tooltips. Also, the chip morphology study was carried out to compare the effects on machinability. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

World University root node

Department of Mechanical Engineering

International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Experimental investigation of hybrid cooling approach using a modified tool holder for turning of Inconel 625 superalloy

We design quantum refrigerators based on spin-j quantum XYZ and bilinear-biquadratic models with individual spins attached to bosonic thermal baths. By considering both local and global master equations, we illustrate an enhancement in the performance of the refrigerators with an increase in the spin dimension irrespective of the choice of the spin models. To assess the performance of the refrigerators, we introduce a distance-based measure to quantify the local temperature of a particle with arbitrary spin quantum number j. Interestingly, we find that the local temperature quantifier, defined via minimizing the distance between a spin-j thermal state and the evolved state of the spin-j particle in the steady state, coincides with the population-based definition of local temperature known in the literature for spin-12 particles. Moreover, we demonstrate that the qualitative behavior of the distance-based local temperature is independent of the choice of the distance measure by comparing the trace distance, Uhlmann's fidelity and relative entropy distance. We further observe by computing a local master equation that the quantum refrigerator consisting of a spin-1/2 and a spin-j particle can lead to a lower local temperature compared to a refrigerator with two identical spin-j particles following the XYZ interactions. © 2023 American Physical Society.

Department of Physics

Physical Review A

Designing refrigerators in higher dimensions using quantum spin models

This paper considers the problem of group fairness in clustering. We propose a new fairness notion which strictly generalizes existing notions and we theoretically analyze the relationships between several existing notions. Finally, we propose a simple and efficient greedy round-robin-based algorithm (FRACOE) and extensive experiments to validate its efficacy across multiple datasets. © 2023 International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (www.ifaamas.org). All rights reserved.

Department of Data Science

Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS

Group Fair Clustering Revisited - Notions and Efficient Algorithm

Gripping devices for picking fruits have such types of work as cutting, tearing and unscrewing. For apples, it is preferable to use slicing or unscrewing, while the fruit leg should not remain, damaging the apple during storage. In this article, we are developing a grab for picking apples. The gripper is used both for holding the fruit and for jamming, followed by unscrewing. One of the advantages is that the proposed method of collecting apples allows you not to waste time moving the manipulator from the tree to the basket, but only to grab and tear them off. The fruit enters the gripper device, after which it enters the fruit collection container through a rigid or flexible pipe. The gripper device is built on the basis of a ball-screw transmission, which is supplemented by a gear drive along the helical surface. This allows for rotation and rectilinear movement of the held fruit. The gripping device has a ratchet mechanism that allows you to fix the fruit. A mathematical model of the gripper device has been developed, which allows determining the torque of the engine depending on the position of the fingers. The parameters of the mechanism were optimized using a genetic algorithm and the results are presented in the form of a Pareto set. A 3D model of the gripper device has been built and a layout has been developed using 3D printing. Experimental laboratory and field tests of the gripping device were carried out. © 2023 ACM.

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

The design of a gripper device with screw and gear gears in a robotic fruit picking system

Organic photoredox catalysis is a versatile tool for accessing a wide range of synthetic transformations. Towards the development of a new class of organophotoredox catalysts, we have employed phenalenyl, an odd alternant hydrocarbon (OAH), for reductive C−C coupling reactions. Phenalenyl can adopt a stable open-shell state (radical), using its non-bonding molecular orbital. To date, chemically induced phenalenyl-based radicals have been extensively explored in designing various intriguing organic materials and recently towards electron transfer catalysis. However, the photochemical generation of phenalenyl-based radicals is rare. In this work, we report the photoinduced generation of phenalenyl-based radicals with detailed mechanistic studies such as steady-state absorption, time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and in-situ absorption kinetic experiments to authenticate the generation of photo-induced phenalenyl radicals. In addition, we present results demonstrating that this novel catalytic species can be applied to reductive pinacol coupling catalysis and reductive alkylation of terminal alkynes. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Department of Chemistry

ChemPhotoChem

Generation of Photoinduced Phenalenyl-Based Radicals: Towards Designing Reductive C−C Coupling Catalysis

Proteins and peptides with hydrophobic and amphiphilic segments are responsible for many biological functions. The sensing and generation of membrane curvature are the functions of several protein domains or motifs. While some specific membrane proteins play an essential role in controlling the curvature of distinct intracellular membranes, others participate in various cellular processes such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, where several proteins sort themselves at the neck of the membrane bud. A few membrane-inserting proteins form nanopores that permeate selective ions and water to cross the membrane. In addition, many natural and synthetic small peptides and protein toxins disrupt the membrane by inducing nonspecific pores in the membrane. The pore formation causes cell death through the uncontrolled exchange between interior and exterior cellular contents. In this article, we discuss the insertion depth and orientation of protein/peptide helices and their role as a sensor and inducer of membrane curvature as well as a pore former in the membrane. We anticipate that this extensive review will assist biophysicists to gain insight into curvature sensing, generation and pore formation by membrane insertion. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Journal of Membrane Biology

The Functionality of Membrane-Inserting Proteins and Peptides: Curvature Sensing, Generation and Pore Formation

Herein, we report the first metal-free, redox-neutral strategy for radical cascade alkylative radical addition, cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with unactivated alkyl chlorides to give corresponding 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles in moderate to good yields. This transformation’s salient features are the utilization of an organo photocatalyst, mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope. Moreover, this methodology is suitable for hetero cycle derived acrylamides and further allowed to utilize aryl chlorides for radical cyclization reaction. Finally, DFT studies allow us to shed light on the reaction mechanism. © 2023 American Chemical Society

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Redox-Neutral Radical Cascade Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides with Unactivated Alkyl and Aryl Chlorides

We study steady, fully developed, axisymmetric flows of soft, inelastic grains within a vertical circular pipe under the influence of gravity. We use extended kinetic theory to describe the collisional flow and include a region above the critical solid volume fraction near the center line that is the analog of an erodible bed. We calculate the profiles of velocity, shear stress, granular temperature and particle concentration across the pipe for a variety of volume flow rates and pipe radii. We compare these with those measured in discrete element simulations by Barker et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 930, A21 (2022)0022-112010.1017/jfm.2021.909] and see good agreement. © 2023 American Physical Society.

Physical Review Fluids

Granular flow through a vertical axisymmetric pipe

This paper describes the preliminary results of developing an autonomous ground robot that can navigate dynamic indoor/outdoor and GPS-restricted environments. This study outlines the demerit of applying conventional LIDAR sensors alone for mapping, as they cannot detect obstacles beyond their range and compromise reliability in real-time applications. This paper showcases the application of a Real-Time Appearance Based (RTAB) algorithm by combining LIDAR sensors with 3D cameras for three-dimensional mapping. This algorithm generates a realistic view of the spatial environment enabling superior clarity of the robot's surroundings. The simulations have been conducted on the open-source Robotic Operating System (ROS) NOETIC platform. Additionally, the real-time mapping of outdoor environments using an in-house miniature-sized prototype designed for proof of concept is also described in this paper. The developed robot can find suitable applications as delivery bots, surveillance robots, rescue operations and teleoperation. © 2023 ACM.

Development of an Autonomous Ground Robot Using a Real-Time Appearance Based (RTAB) Algorithm for Enhanced Spatial Mapping: Development of a Ground Robot with Autonomous Navigation Capability

A "Hybrid"vehicle is one that has the potential to operate in more than one environment. This work demonstrates a robust backstepping control algorithm for the autonomous transmedia operation of a hybrid unmanned aerial-underwater vehicle in the presence of uncertainty. The simplified mathematical model is considered to depict the entire controller design procedure. The numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate the proposed control system's efficiency and compare it to existing PID control. The vehicle's transient behaviour is compared in six different transmedia manoeuvres between air and water. The suggested control system is evaluated for stability in aerial manoeuvres and transmedia manoeuvres with respect to the conventional PID algorithm in the MATLAB-Simulink environment to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. © 2023 ACM.